冀东高级变质岩石的流体包裹体研究

冀东高级变质的石榴石斜长片麻岩、含或不含石榴石的角闪二辉斜长片麻岩、紫苏花岗岩、斜长角门岩等岩石中的流体包裹体主要有４类，按形成的先后顺序依次为：（１）Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２两液相包裹体，ＣＯ２的部分均一温度是－１２℃，密度１．０４ｇ／ｃｍ３，Ｈ２Ｏ含量２１％～３９％（ｍｏｌｅ％），ＣＯ２含量５０％～７１％（ｍｏｌｅ％）；（２）ＣＯ２液相包裹体，冰点温度－５６℃～－６１℃，均一温度－７．４℃～－３５．１℃，ＣＯ２密度约为１．０５ｇ／ｃｍ３，ＣＯ２含量８２．１％～９８．４％（ｍｏｌｅ％），还有少量的ＣＨ４、Ｎ２和Ｈ２等组分；（３）Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２多相包裹体，ＣＯ２的部分均一温度７℃～２８℃，ＣＯ２密度为０．６４～０．９３ｇ／ｃｍ３，气相组分以ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４和ＣＯ为主，液相成分主要是Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２；（４）多世代盐水溶液包裹体，冰点温度－０．５℃～－２０℃，盐度０．８７％～２２．８％（ｗｔ％），盐水密度０．７～１．０５ｇ／ｃｍ３，均一温度在１５０℃～２００℃和约３００℃，存在两个峰值。不同世代的流体包裹体记录了等密度降温的Ｐ－Ｔ路径。包裹体反映的变质作用早期降温过程流体的Ｈ２Ｏ／Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＣＯ２（ｍｏｌｅ）比值降低，晚期升高     

《1998年松花江暴雨洪水》(送审稿)审查会召开

本刊讯　1998年嫩江、松花江发生了历史稀遇的特大洪水,党中央、国务院对1998年的抗洪工作及洪水情况高度重视,国家防汛抗旱总指挥部、水利部明确要求对1998年特大暴雨洪水进行全面系统的总结。为此,由水利部水文局（水利信息中心）、松辽水利委员会水文局组织,黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古三省（自治区）水文（水资源）局参加,对1998年松花江暴雨洪水进行了调查、研究和总结,编写了《1998年松花江暴雨洪水》（送审稿）（以下简称《送审稿》）。　　　2000年11月21～23日,水利部水文局邀请了国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室、水利水电规划设计…     

内蒙古兴和—卓资太古宙孔兹岩系变质峰期水活度,氧逸度及其化学位 …

通过脱水反应的平衡热力学计算确定内蒙古兴和卓资太古宙孔兹岩系变泥砂质岩中变质峰期ａＨ２Ｏ总体较低,变化于０．１２～０．４０之间,黑云紫苏片麻岩中ａＨ２Ｏ为０．２０～０．４３,前者的ｌｏｇｆｏ２值最高为－１３～－１５,但在有些岩石中极低,（αμＨ２Ｏ／αＨ＾ＢｔＭｇ）Ｐ,Ｔ和（αμｏ２／αＸ＾ＢｔＭｇ）Ｐ,Ｔ的系数主要变化于－０．２４１～－０．３８３和－１．０５２～－１．８１０,（αμＨ２ｏ／αμｏ     

混合表面活性剂存在下锰的高灵敏显色反应研究

研究了碱性介质中,Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）被空气氧化生成Ｈ２ＭｎＯ３,然后在Ｈ３ＰＯ４介质中,Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和阳离子型有机相／水相微乳液（ＣＴＭＡＢ／戊醇／正庚烷／水）的存在下,Ｍｎ（Ⅳ）与二安替比林对乙氧基苯基甲烷（ＤＡｐＥＭ）生成橙色产物,λｍａｘ为４５０ｎｍ,ε＝１．９５×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）的质量浓度在０～３２０μｇ／Ｌ内符合比尔定律。方法用于合金中锰的测定,结果与标准值符合,５次测定结果的ＲＳＤ＜３％。     

内蒙古兴和-卓资太古宙孔兹岩系变质峰期水活度、氧逸度及其化学位变化

通过脱水反应的平衡热力学计算确定内蒙古兴和－卓资太古宙孔兹岩系变泥砂质岩中变质峰期ａＨ２Ｏ 总体较低, 变化于０．１２～０．４０ 之间, 黑云紫苏片麻岩中ａＨ２Ｏ为０．２０～０．４３。前者的ｌｏｇｆＯ２ 值最高为－ １３～－ １５, 但在有些岩石中极低,（μＨ２ Ｏ／ＸＢｔＭ ｇ ）Ｐ,Ｔ和（μＯ２ ／ＸＢｔＭ ｇ ）Ｐ,Ｔ的系数主要变化于－ ０．２４１～－ ０．３８３ 和－ １．０５２～－ １．８１０,（μＨ２Ｏ ／μＯ２ ）Ｐ,Ｔ的斜率也有一定变化。这些数值变化特征按 “碳质变质”观点不应出现, 主要也不是脱水熔融作用所致, 它们可能与非完全开放系统中Ｈ２Ｏ较ＣＯ２ 易于逸散有关。     

GDX—502树脂吸附分离富集—微分电位溶出测定水样中痕量酚

研究了酚（ｐｈｅｎ）－Ｃｕ－水杨酸（Ｈ２ｓａｌ）和四乙基碘化铵（Ｅｔ４ＮＩ）的四元体系中微分电位溶出分析法（ＤＰＳＡ）测定痕量酚。在ｐＨ为７．０的介质中,ｐｈｅｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｈ２ｓａｌ的配合物抑制了Ｃｕ在玻炭电极上的还原富集,降低Ｃｕ的微分电位溶出峰（Δｄｔ／ｄＥ）,且０．４～２００μｇ／Ｌ的酚与Δｄｔ／ｄＥ呈线性关系。加入Ｅｔ４ＮＩ使检测灵敏度提高２．７５倍。天然水样经ＧＤＸ－５０２树脂吸附分离富集后,除去了吡啶、苯胺等物质的干扰。ＮａＯＨ洗脱,预电解富集３ｍｉｎ,酚的检出限为０．２μｇ／Ｌ;实验测定２０μｇ／Ｌ的酚,相对标准偏差为２．７％（ｎ＝１１）;标准加入回收率为８８．１０％～１１３．２０％。方法用于天然水中痕量酚的测定,结果与４－氨基安替比林分光光度法结果符合。     

陕西省北洛河"94·8"暴雨洪水分析

１９９４年８月３０～３１日,陕西省北洛河上游降特大暴雨洪水山洪暴发,致使北洛河干支流洪水猛涨,形成该河历史上罕见的特大洪水（简称“９４．８”洪水）。分析了该次暴雨洪水的成因和洪水的演进规律,可供水利、防汛和水文部门参考。     

青藏高原五道梁冻土活动层表面二氧化碳和甲烷的排放

通过静态箱取样方法，首次获得青藏高原冻土活动层排放气体。分析测定结果表明，ＣＨ４含量为０．６３～１．５４μｇ／ｇ，平均为１．１９μｇ／ｇ，大多数样品ＣＨ４含量低于当地大气ＣＨ４含量（１．３２μｇ／ｇ）；ＣＯ２含量为０．１５％～０．２７％，平均为０．２１％，明显高于大气ＣＯ２的浓度（０．０６９％）。ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２含量具有一定的日变化特征。ＣＨ４排放率为－０．０３２～０．０４８ｍｇｍ－２ｈ－１，平均为０．００１ｍｇｍ－２ｈ－１；ＣＯ２排放率为－５６．５０３～６１．４２５ｍｇｍ－２ｈ－１，平均为０．０９５ｍｇｍ－２ｈ１。从所获得的冻土排放气体中ＣＨ４和ＣＯ２的浓度来看，这种干燥寒冷的高原冻土活动层表面ＣＨ４排放较少，ＣＯ２的排放较高     

298K时三元体系K^＋／CO3^2—,B4O7^2——H2O和Li^＋／CO3^2—,B4O7^2——H2O相关系

研究了二个三元体系Ｌｉ＋／ＣＯ２－３,Ｂ４Ｏ２－７Ｈ２Ｏ（１）和Ｋ＋／ＣＯ２－３,Ｂ４Ｏ２－７Ｈ２０（２）２９８Ｋ时的相平衡关系和平衡液相的物化性质（密度、折光密、粘度、电导率、ｐＨ值）。研究表明：这二个三元体系均属简单共饱型,无复盐或固溶体形成。体系（１）的两段溶解度曲线对应于无水Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３和Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·３Ｈ２Ｏ结晶区,体系（２）的两段溶解度曲线对应于Ｋ２ＣＯ３·３／２Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｋ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·４Ｈ２Ｏ结晶区。     

闽浙赣邻区“92.7”暴雨洪水分析

闽浙赣邻区“９２·７”暴雨洪水分析朱永泉熊清华（福建省光泽县水电局）位于武夷山脉地带的闽浙赣邻区１９９２年７月３～５日发生了一场梅雨期特大暴雨，闽江、衢江、信江干支流出现了特大洪水或大洪水。位于东南最高峰黄岗山（海拔２１５８ｍ）西南侧的福建省光泽县崩...     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.