活性炭测量系统的最佳条件选择和影响因素

活性灰吸附器测氡法在铀矿勘探中得到了较广泛的应用。作者根据实验室内活性炭吸附器测氡的试验结果,选择了测量系统中装置参数的最佳条件,包括吸附剂类型,干燥剂的性质,吸附系统的灵敏度,吸附器的埋置时间,装置的容积、吸附容量与氧浓度的关系。另外,还研究了活性炭的解吸温度和时间以及温度对活性炭吸附能力的影响。文中详细给出了实验数据。     

小型氡室氡浓度准确性影响因素的探讨

小型氡室是一种综合测氡仪器的标定装置,适合目前各种测氡仪器的标定。湿度、温度、闪烁探测器的漏计现象等因素影响氡室内氡浓度。湿度影响着气溶胶的密度,湿度越大,气溶胶的密度也越大,导致探测器探测的计数也变大;温度增加,分子的扩散系数随着增加,使镭源释放的氡量增加,导致氡浓度变大;闪烁体的发光衰减时间较长,测量大活度样品时,会出现漏计现象。对应不同的影响因素采取了相应的修正措施。     

土壤氡析出率活性炭累积吸附法

为解决大面积多点快速土壤氡析出率测量问题, 设计开发并进行了土壤氡析出率活性炭累积吸附法的方法技术研究.在参考氡析出率装置和野外实验数据的基础上, 进行了测量装置及材料的选择、装置刻度、野外累积暴露时间、活性炭盒吸附氡有效衰变常数等研究.通过2002-2003年22次重复观测, 北京西北郊区粘土类土壤氡析出率平均值为20.15mBq.m-2.s-1, 最大值和最小值分别为26.75和13.49mBq.m-2.s-1, 标准偏差为3.55mBq.m-2.s-1.与仪器静电收集法比对结果表明, 两种方法的相对误差小于±10%.实验结果表明: 活性炭方法测量结果稳定可靠, 简便易行, 适用于全国大面积土壤氡析出率调查.      

空气中氡浓度的预测

氡是一种放射性惰性气体,它与肺癌的关系已引起人们的高度重视,世界上许多国家都开展了环境氡的研究工作;氡的母体元素铀、镭在地质环境中的分布与空气中的氡浓度水平有密切关系,通过研究地质环境中铀、镭的分布资料,就能快速定性地评价空气中氡浓度水平.     

主动瞬时活性炭吸附土壤氡气测量方法初探

研究了主动式活性炭吸附土壤氡气测量方法。在氡室条件下,利用设计的取样装置对主动式活性炭吸附法中活性炭吸附能力、取样量、取样速度等影响因素及测量参数开展了实验研究,并进行了该方法与其他3种不同土壤氡气测量方法的野外对比实验,相对于传统的被动式活性炭累积测氡,该方法工作效率高,为土壤氡气测量在勘探找矿、环境监测等领域的应用提供了一种全新的测量方式。     

伽玛法在地质找矿工作中的应用

γ测量(包括地面γ测量、孔中γ测量、航空γ测量、γ能谱测量等)是找铀矿的主要方法之一。利用γ测量找非放射性矿以及解决填图,研究与成矿有利的蚀变带、侵入体的形成条件等一系列地质问题,已有很多成功的例子。γ－射线吸收法和散射γ－射线法(简称γ－γ法)测密度也已普遍应用。     

测氡法和瞬变电磁法在探测煤矿采空区的应用

介绍了活性炭测氡法探测采空区的基本原理。用测氡仪器测量其氡的衰变子体放射出伽马射线的强度,从而了解氡气浓度的高低,便可知采空区的位置。根据采空区的地球物理特征,利用瞬变电磁法,通过分析拟视电阻率断面图,准确地探测出了采空区的位置。以探测山西省西山煤电集团有限公司东曲矿采空区为例,来说明活性炭测氡法和瞬变电磁法在探测采空区是可行的。     

断裂带土壤气测量方法在断层活动性研究中的应用——以嘉峪关断层为例

为了判断甘肃省嘉峪关断层监测点气氡浓度2015年6月以来的高值异常变化是否反映了嘉峪关断层活动的增强,本文基于土壤气跨断层分布规律,应用跨断层测量方法,通过多组分相关性分析及理论建模,综合分析了嘉峪关断层监测点气氡浓度高值异常变化与断层活动的关系。结果显示：监测点断层气中氡浓度快速增加期间,CO₂、CH₄和H₂的浓度没有增加,气氡与CO₂、CH₄浓度的变化不具正相关关系,表明监测点增加的氡气来源深部较浅,不代表断层活动的增强。监测点两侧跨断层测量结果表明,地表环境未改变一侧的氡气浓度符合断层气分布规律,地表环境发生改变一侧的氡气浓度不符合断层气分布规律,并且地表环境的改变时间与监测点气氡浓度异常变化时间同步。因此监测点气氡浓度的高值异常是由地表环境的改变引起的,嘉峪关断层的活动并没有增强。该方法为用断裂带土壤气体测量方法研究断层活动性的可靠性提供了思路。     

青岛市氡的环境地质调查初探

本文从青岛花岗岩岩性、放射性元素、构造特征、空气氡和土壤氡浓度定量测定,取得了青岛市区32km²土壤氡环境地质调查成果,得出青岛市环境氡为低水平城市的结论。     

活性炭测氡法的数据处理与应用

从氡气测量的国内外发展和氡气测量基础理论出发,阐述了活性炭测氡的方法,分析了影响活性炭测氡的各种因素,在此基础上,讨论了古交南岩村地下采空区的活性炭测氡数据的处理可行性,并通过实地测量资料的分析,证明了采用活性炭测氡法探测地下采空区是可行的。     

~(222)Rn的吸附性及其对水异常评价的意义

本文依据活性炭、粘土、砂对水中氡进行吸附的试验资料及204地区的野外实际资料,探讨了氡的吸附性。含氡地下水在径流过程中除衰变,逸出会使其氡浓度降低外,岩土对其吸附亦是重要因素。因此,在进行放射性水异常评价时,应充分注意这一点。     

The measurement of soil gases and shallow temperature for determination of active faults in a geothermal area: a case study from Ömer–Gecek,Afyonkarahisar (West Anatolia)

Afyonkarahisar is a very important geothermal province of western Anatolia and has low and medium enthalpy geothermal areas. This study has been carried out for the preparation of distribution maps of soil gases (radon and carbon dioxide) and shallow soil temperature and the exploration of permeable tectonic regions associated with geothermal systems and reveal the origins of radon and carbon dioxide gases. The western district of the study area is characterized by the high radon concentration (168.30 kBq/m³), carbon dioxide ratio (0.30%), and soil temperature (21.0 °C) values. Fethibey and Demirçevre faults, which allow the circulation of geothermal fluids, have been detected in the distribution maps of radon, carbon dioxide, and shallow depth temperature and the directions of the curves in these maps correspond to the strikes of Demirçevre faults. The effect of the fault plays an important role in the change of carbon dioxide concentration along the W-E directional geological section prepared to determine the change of soil gas and shallow depth temperature values depending on lithological differences, fault existence, and geothermal reservoir depth. On the other hand, it was determined that Rn²²² concentration and soil temperature changed as a function of geothermal reservoir depth or lithological difference. Tuffs in Köprülü volcano-sedimentary units are the main source of radon due to their higher uranium contents. Besides, the carbon dioxide in Ömer–Gecek soils has geothermal origin because of the highest carbon dioxide content (99.3%) in non-condense gas. The similarities in patterns of soil temperature, radon, and carbon dioxide indicate that the variation in soil temperatures is related to radon and carbon dioxide emissions. It is concluded that soil gas and temperature measurements can be used to determine the active faults in the initial stage of geothermal exploration successfully.     

关于北京市平原区测氡定位隐伏活动断裂的探讨

本文结合氧气化学特性,对北京市隐伏活动断裂进行了测试,并选取了典型氧浓度异常剖面进行了解译分析,初步探讨了氧气与隐伏活动断裂的关系。     

一种测量环境氡析出率的方法

用双滤膜法对环境氡的析出率（δ）进行了可行性测定，实测结果表明：与常规的活性炭法原理相比，双滤膜方法可行、操作简单、成果可靠，不失为一种灵敏、高速、高效的氡析出率（δ）测定方法。     

洞穴自然环境系统的观测及研究－－以广西柳州响水岩为例

重点叙述了1990年代中期对广西柳州响水岩所进行的洞穴自然环境系统长期观测的成果,在响水岩洞内设置12个测点,进行洞穴空气温度、湿度、CO2、空气负离子的长期观测,并对响水岩的氡浓度、风速、放射性等作了测定。对洞穴空气负离子的观测在我国属于首次。观测研究工作表明,洞穴空气负离子浓度远大于洞外,洞穴空气质量一般皆属最清洁空气。响水岩的氡浓度低, CO2 含量略高于洞外,放射性背景值低,是一个具有洞穴医疗价值的洞穴。      

Spatial radon anomalies on active faults in California

Radon emanation has been observed to be anomalously high along active faults in many parts of the world. We tested this relationship by conducting and repeating soil-air radon surveys with a portable radon meter across several faults in California. The results confirm the existence of fault-associated radon anomalies, which show characteristic features that may be related to fault structures but vary in time due to other environmental changes, such as rainfall. Across two creeping faults in San Juan Bautista and Hollister, the radon anomalies showed prominent double peaks straddling the fault-gouge zone during dry summers, but the peak-to-background ratios diminished after significant rain fall during winter. Across a locked segment of the San Andreas fault near Olema, the anomaly has a single peak located several meters southwest of the slip zone associated with the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Across two fault segments that ruptured during the magnitude 7.5 Landers earthquake in 1992, anomalously high radon concentration was found in the fractures three weeks after the earthquake. We attribute the fault-related anomalies to a slow vertical gas flow in or near the fault zones. Radon generated locally in subsurface soil has a concentration profile that increases three orders of magnitude from the surface to a depth of several meters; thus an upward flow that brings up deeper and radon-richer soil air to the detection level can cause a significantly higher concentration reading. This explanation is consistent with concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen, measured in soil-air samples collected during one of the surveys.