主动瞬时活性炭吸附土壤氡气测量方法初探

研究了主动式活性炭吸附土壤氡气测量方法。在氡室条件下,利用设计的取样装置对主动式活性炭吸附法中活性炭吸附能力、取样量、取样速度等影响因素及测量参数开展了实验研究,并进行了该方法与其他3种不同土壤氡气测量方法的野外对比实验,相对于传统的被动式活性炭累积测氡,该方法工作效率高,为土壤氡气测量在勘探找矿、环境监测等领域的应用提供了一种全新的测量方式。     

室内氡测控报警器

室内氡测控报警器是依据活性炭吸附氡的累积法测量理论研制的新仪器。该测控报警器用于室内环境中氡的吸附及其异常测量 ,在异常出现时能鸣响报警并输出控制信号。因此该测控报警器也可与其他室内环境设备配套应用。该测控报警器已于 2 0 0 2年申请专利 ,专利申请号 :0 2 2 82 1 74 01　测控报警器特征( 1 )体积小 ,采用交流 2 2 0Ｖ电源 ,易于与其他室内环境设备配套 ,例如 :室内换气排风设备的启动控制等。( 2 )活性炭氡吸附器的吸附方式 :一般为自然吸附方式 ,该测控报警器采用助力吸附方式 ,使室内气体在循环中流经活性炭氡吸附器 ,用作…     

活性炭法测定室内外环境中氡的吸附饱和性实验

介绍了一套实验装置,可通过该装置了解吸附了氡气的活性炭的放射性计数与活性炭所在环境的氡浓度的关系。活性炭中氡或其衰变子体放出的γ射线的总计数与氡浓度成线性关系;γ射线的总计数经过校正后,可以换算成活性炭所在环境的氡浓度。     

土壤氡析出率活性炭累积吸附法

为解决大面积多点快速土壤氡析出率测量问题, 设计开发并进行了土壤氡析出率活性炭累积吸附法的方法技术研究.在参考氡析出率装置和野外实验数据的基础上, 进行了测量装置及材料的选择、装置刻度、野外累积暴露时间、活性炭盒吸附氡有效衰变常数等研究.通过2002-2003年22次重复观测, 北京西北郊区粘土类土壤氡析出率平均值为20.15mBq.m-2.s-1, 最大值和最小值分别为26.75和13.49mBq.m-2.s-1, 标准偏差为3.55mBq.m-2.s-1.与仪器静电收集法比对结果表明, 两种方法的相对误差小于±10%.实验结果表明: 活性炭方法测量结果稳定可靠, 简便易行, 适用于全国大面积土壤氡析出率调查.      

气相色谱质谱法测定地表水中的7种工业多氯联苯

河西走廊蕴藏有丰富的地热水资源,以往的地质调查成果显示地热水的形成和演化与地质构造具有密切关系。活性炭测氡法在探测隐伏构造方面具有独特优势。活性炭对氡的吸附性能受到多种因素影响,在野外数据采集前需进行勘察区工作条件的测试实验。本文选择位于河西走廊中部的张掖—民乐盆地进行活性炭测氡法实验条件研究。通过实验,确定该区实验条件为：吸附剂埋深40 cm,埋藏5天;数据处理时针对农田和河滩两种地表介质要进行分区统计;该区氡异常阈值下限为均值加3 ~ 4倍方差。实验结果显示活性炭测氡法是探测该区域隐伏断裂的存在、断裂位置、走向和倾向的一种很好的手段。     

活性炭测氡法的数据处理与应用

从氡气测量的国内外发展和氡气测量基础理论出发,阐述了活性炭测氡的方法,分析了影响活性炭测氡的各种因素,在此基础上,讨论了古交南岩村地下采空区的活性炭测氡数据的处理可行性,并通过实地测量资料的分析,证明了采用活性炭测氡法探测地下采空区是可行的。     

活性炭测氡法的数据处理及应用

用活性炭测氡法测氡效果好,具有灵敏度高、精度高、不受地形影响等优点。从氡气测量的基础理论出发,分析了活性炭测氡法的理论依据,讨论了活性炭测氡法在内蒙古某地区铀矿资源普查的应用,取得了一定的效果。     

小型氡室氡浓度准确性影响因素的探讨

小型氡室是一种综合测氡仪器的标定装置,适合目前各种测氡仪器的标定。湿度、温度、闪烁探测器的漏计现象等因素影响氡室内氡浓度。湿度影响着气溶胶的密度,湿度越大,气溶胶的密度也越大,导致探测器探测的计数也变大;温度增加,分子的扩散系数随着增加,使镭源释放的氡量增加,导致氡浓度变大;闪烁体的发光衰减时间较长,测量大活度样品时,会出现漏计现象。对应不同的影响因素采取了相应的修正措施。     

活性炭测氡及分量化探在河北省沽源县大官厂研究区铀矿勘查中的应用研究

河北省沽源县大官厂研究区活性炭测氡和分量化探异常叠合区与铀工业孔具有较好的对应关系,表明活性炭测氡-分量化探组合测量方法在火山岩型铀矿勘查中具有较好的指示作用。基于活性炭测氡和分量化探测量数据,探索性地建立了综合勘探有利指数P的计算方法和铀成矿有利度分级方法,大官厂的钻探成果初步验证了上述方法的有效性。     

液体闪烁法测定水中氡

一、前言水、空气、土壤中氡的测定方法有电离室法、活性炭吸附法,闪烁室法,双滤膜法、气球法及活性炭滤纸法等。目前在国内铀矿普查和勘探过程中,广泛采用的是电离室法,活性炭吸附法和闪烁室法。其仪器多数采用CГ-11,FD-118及FD-3002等测氡仪。这些方法的灵敏度和准确度仍然不能说是很高的。     

吸附丝法吸附量的影响因素

探讨了影响吸附丝法吸附量的一些因素,认为活性炭的黑度、湿度对吸附量产生重要的影响,水分是影响吸附量的主要因素。因此,选用一定黑度的活性炭作为吸附剂,同时测试样品必须干燥才能取得较好的效果。     

Emission spectrographic estimation of gold

A procedure for estimating minute quantities (parts per billion) of gold is described, based on dissolution of the sample in aqua regia, adsorption on activated charcoal, arcing of the charcoal ash, and measurement of the intensity of the emitted spectra.     

Detection of fluorescent compounds in the environment using granular activated charcoal detectors

Granular activated charcoal (GAC) acts as a general adsorptive medium for organic molecules, and is widely used to capture fluorescent tracer dyes. To investigate the capability of GAC in contaminant screening and tracer adsorption, a number of detectors were deployed for 2-6 days in a range of urban surface waters, and the adsorbed compounds eluted in an alkaline alcohol solution. Simultaneous water samples showed a diverse range of fluorescence environments, ranging from relatively clean, steady groundwater discharge, to highly concentrated and variable treated municipal sewage. A wide variety of organic compounds and dyes were found in the waters, as chronic and acute contaminants. The relationship between charcoal and water spectra depended on exposure time and loading. Short exposure times emphasized short wavelengths, longer exposure times emphasized longer wavelengths at the expense of shorter wavelengths. The magnitude of the effect depended on loading, being greater in enriched waters. In general, charcoal eluent shows a significant gain in fluorescence intensity over water. However, there may be an apparent loss at shorter wavelengths for samples with long exposure times and high loading. A similar bias was also discovered with the elution time of activated charcoal. Short wavelength fluorescence intensity peaked after a few minutes of elution; longer wavelength fluorescence increased over many days. These results show that charcoal is a reasonably effective material for adsorption of longer wavelength compounds. However, the ubiquity of many fluorescent dyes in the environment, and the complex relationship between the waters and the eluent spectrum, suggest that considerable care is required in the interpretation of eluent spectra.     

Evaluation of coal as adsorbent for phosphate removal

This paper reports the adsorption of phosphate ions on coal, charcoal, and coal ash. The influences of factors such as contact time, and initial adsorbate concentration have been studied. Adsorption of phosphate ions on virgin coal was significant compared to charcoal, coal and coal ash evacuated at 200°C. The significant adsorption capability of coal is due to the porosity as well as due to organic carbon and inorganic elements present in coal. The evacuation of coal proved to be ineffective in enhancing its capability for phosphate ions retention. The adsorption behaviors of all the three adsorbent used was conformed using Freundlich’s adsorption model. The results suggest that coal could be used as an efficient adsorbent for removing phosphate ions from wastewater.     

活化沸石除铵及其动力学过程研究

对新型水处理材料活化沸石去除水中氨氮的各项性能进行了研究。单因素影响试验表明,沸石用量、粒径、溶液温度、浓度、pH值及吸附时间对去除效果有重要影响。据此确定了最佳静态试验条件,在该条件下,活化沸石对水中的氨氮有较好的去除效果,可将生活污水中的120 mg/L氨氮降到40 mg/L。动态小试确定了小试设备的工艺参数,该处理设备在实际运行过程中,吸附周期为64 h,处理效果良好。动力学研究表明,活化沸石除铵是离子交换与吸附两种行为共同作用的结果,该过程符合Freundlich等温式,动力学方程可用一级反应来描述。     

活性氧化铝除氟性能的试验研究

通过静态试验,研究了活性氧化铝对F-的吸附性能,分析了原水氟离子浓度、pH值、活性氧化铝的投加量和吸附时间对吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明：在原水浓度0～50mg／L范围内,活性氧化铝吸附量与原水浓度基本成线性增加的关系;活性氧化铝除氟的最佳pH值为5～7,最佳投加量为10g／L。测定了在25℃时活性氧化铝除氟的吸附等温线,并对吸附等温线进行拟合,证明其符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

Equilibrium data and process design for adsorption of disperse dyes onto Alunite

Adsorption of disperse dyes from aqueous solutions onto calcined alunite has been investigated to assess the possibility of using alunite for removing disperse dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of particle size, adsorbent mass, initial pH and temperature of the dye solution on the adsorption capacities have been evaluated. Acidic pH was favorable for the adsorption of all dyes: Disperse Blue 56 (DB56), Disperse Red 74 (DR74) and Disperse Yellow 119 (DY119). The experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the Langmuir isotherm and the isotherm parameters (K_L and a_L) have been calculated. The adsorption capacities were found to be 498, 525 and 500 mg of dye per g of calcined alunite for DB56, DR74 and DY119, respectively. The single-stage batch adsorber design of the adsorption of disperse dyes onto alunite has been studied based on the Langmuir isotherm equation.     

Treatment of secondary effluents by infiltration-percolation process using sand fortified with activated charcoal

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of sand/granular activated charcoal mixture medium to treat urban wastewater effluents. Several laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the best combination ratio of sand/activated charcoal which would allow the optimum water purification. A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the addition of activated charcoal on infiltration-percolation efficiency. Experiments demonstrated that fortifying sand medium with granular activated charcoal improved the pollutants removal efficiencies. Results showed that a combination ratio of 3:1 (by volume) of sand and granular activated charcoal gave the best depuration efficiency regarding organic matter, nitrogen and orthophosphorous. The mean removal rates of COD, NH₄–N and PO₄–P were 83.29, 95.85 and 65.21%, respectively. Furthermore, experiments demonstrated that a mixture of sand/activated charcoal in a 3:1 ratio resulted in the optimum oxidation capacity.