2009年云南姚安M_S6.0地震余震序列尾波Q_c值研究

利用云南大姚地震台记录到的2009年姚安6.0级地震余震序列的数字化波形观测资料,基于尾波单次散射理论,估算该次地震震源区尾波Qc值。结果表明:中心频率为1.5 Hz时,振幅衰减率β(f)在-0.141 27～-0.043 05之间,平均值为-0.074 60;Qc值在33.3～99.8之间,平均值为65.5。并得出Qc值与频率的关系:尾波波源因子与震级成正比,与频率成反比。主震发生后头几天,尾波Qc值(1.5 Hz)波动较大,之后在±1.5倍方差线内趋于稳定,且没有超过5级的强余震发生。姚安地区尾波Qc值具有构造运动活跃、地震活动频繁地区的低Qc值特征。     

辽宁海城-岫岩地区尾波Q值研究

本文利用Sato单次散射模型,研究1999年至2007年辽宁海城-岫岩地区尾波Q值随时间的变化情况及1999年岫岩5.4级地震和2000年5.1级两次中强地震发生阶段该地区的尾波Q值变化。计算结果表明:该区在地震活跃阶段,Qc值随时间变化起伏较大,平均值相对较高,在岫岩5.4级主震前有短时升高现象,之后Qc值并没有明显的降低,直到强余震序列结束之后Qc值逐步降低,趋于平稳,通过对比该区在地震活跃阶段与平静阶段的Qc值变化,可以为未来该区的强震预测提供参考依据。     

安徽地区尾波Qc值特征研究

基于Sato单次散射模型,利用安徽省数字化测震台网2001年以来记录到的ML≥2.3级地震的波形资料,计算得到了安徽地区不同台站周围地壳介质的尾波Qc值,发现省内不同地区尾波Qc值存在着明显的差异,霍山地区尾波Qc值相对省内其余地区较低,拟合得到了安徽地区尾波Qc值与频率之间的依赖关系,为Qc=(104.9±36.4)...     

小江断裂带地震尾波Q_c值特征研究

利用小江断裂带及邻区10个数字地震台记录到的地震波形资料,采用Aki单次散射模型,计算了各台站半径60km范围内地震尾波Qc值,分别拟合得到10个台站的尾波Qc和η值,并用10个台站的平均结果得出了小江断裂带及邻区尾波Qc值与频率的关系。结果表明,小江断裂带及邻区总体上属低值Qc区;尾波Qc值空间差异较大,小江断裂带中段为低Qc值,明显低于北段和南段的Qc值。研究了尾波Qc值在时间上的变化与中强地震的关系。     

浙江珊溪水库库区地震波衰减特征研究

2002-2007年发生的珊溪水库地震事件是少震、弱震的浙江省区域显著的地震事件.搜集182次ML＞2.0地震的近场台站数字地震波形,使用这些波形高信噪比的尾波时间域信号,根据计算尾波Qc(f)值的Sato模型,通过滤波及去除环境噪声,计算了地震波传播路径上的尾波Qc(f)值;拟合Qc(f)值与频率f之间的关系,分析了水库区域地震波衰减的时空特征.根据信噪比及计算要求,从近场9个台站的记录中挑选出641条三分向记录,计算尾波衰减参数,得到尾波Qc(f)与频率f的关系为:Qc(f)=52.19±7.11f0.9221±0.05.结果表明,本区域为低衰减区域.震群活动使区域介质对高频率波衰减趋势性增大.进一步对尾波衰减参数及尾波采样体之间的关系分析发现,该区域存在深部高衰减层.     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震余震序列尾波QC值研究

基于Aki和Chouet的地方震尾波单次散射模型,利用思茅台记录到的2007年云南宁洱6.4地震余震的数字化波形观测资料,测量了震源区尾波Qc(f)值。当中心频率为1.5Hz时,宁洱地区的尾波Qc值在51～147之间,平均值为79,尾波的振幅衰减率βc(f)在0.014～0.039之间,平均值为0.028;测量得到该地区尾波Qc值与频率f的关系为Qc(f)=53f0.88;尾波波源因子与震级成正比关系,满足关系lgA0=1.51ML-0.94;测量结果显示宁洱地震余震序列的尾波值Qc较低,表明宁洱震源区属于构造运动较为活跃区。     

苏中沿海地区尾波Q_c值特征研究

利用2000年至2008年苏中沿海地区射阳地震台和海安地震台记录到的100 km范围内ML2.0以上地震波形资料,基于Sato模型,采用不同的固定流逝时间,计算了该区域的尾波Qc值.结果表明:该区为尾波Qc值低值区域,随着流逝时间的增大尾波Qc值也变大;在2006年11月份东台ML4.1震群和2007年5月6日响水ML4.0地震前尾波Q0值有明显增大现象.     

1830年磁县7．5级地震震源区尾波衰减特征

利用磁县数字地震台记录到的近震波形资料,采用Aki尾波单次散射模型,计算1830年磁县7．5级大地震震源区50km范围内的尾波Qc值;经多地震拟合得出在尾波流逝时间为20s时,Qc=（70．2±29．3）f^（0.8054±0.1615）;40s,时Qc=（96．6±25．3）,f^（0.7772±0.1098）。结果表明,磁县震源区Q0值较低,震区地震波衰减比邢台、唐山震区快;η值表明Qc值对频率的依赖性弱于邢台和唐山震区。     

2005年云南文山地震余震序列尾波Qc值研究

基于Aki等（1975）的地方震尾波单次散射模型,利用文山地震台记录到2005年8月13日在云南文山县发生的5.3级地震余震序列的数字化波形观测资料,测量了震源区尾波Q（f）值。测量结果表明,当中心频率为1．5Hz时,文山地区的尾波Q值在52～155之间,平均值为91,尾波的振幅衰减率β（f）在0.013～0．039之间,平均值为0．024;测量得到该区尾波Qc值与频率f的关系为Qc（f）=62f^“0.87;尾波波源因子A0与震级ML成正比关系,满足关系lgA0=1．02ML-0．73。此次地震的发震构造为文山断裂带,地震波受到破碎带强烈的非弹性吸收,尾波Qc值明显降低。     

胶东半岛及两侧海域尾波Q值分析

根据单次散射（Aki）模型,利用2003年至今山东台网记录的26次2．9级以上地震的数字化地震波,研究并探讨了胶东半岛及两侧海域平均尾波Q值,在1～18Hz的频率域范围内,Q值与频率的依赖关系为：胶东北部海域Qc=（313士42）,f^（0.653±0.145）,胶东内陆Qc=（319±88）f^（0.649±0.145）,黄海海域Qc=（259±60）f^（0.757±0.277）,与国内其他区域尾波Q值研究结果相比,本区域Qc为高值、对频率低依赖性区域。可能与本研究区内构造活动弱、地震活动水平低有关。     

Characteristics of the seismic attenuation in two tectonically active zones of Southern Europe

The seismic energy attenuation in the frequency range of 1–18 Hz was studied in the two tectonically active zones of Irno Valley (Southern Italy) and Granada Basin (South-East Spain). Data were recorded by short period vertical components seismographs for low-magnitude local earthquakes. The method of coda waves, assuming singleS toS scattering approximation, was used to calculate the quality factorQ from the two data set. Results show a quality factor increasing with frequency, following the empirical lawQ=Q _o f ⁿ .Q _o andn are lower for the Irno Valley than for Granada. This result is interpreted in terms of different scattering environments present in the two investigated areas.     

The Theory of Coda Wave Interferometry

Coda waves are sensitive to changes in the subsurface because the strong scattering that generates these waves causes them to repeatedly sample a limited region of space. Coda wave interferometry is a technique that exploits this sensitivity to estimate slight changes in the medium from a comparison of the coda waves before and after the perturbation. For spatially localized changes in the velocity, or for changes in the source location, the travel-time perturbation may be different for different scattering paths. The coda waves that arrive within a certain time window are therefore subject to a distribution of travel-time perturbations. Here I present the general theory of coda wave interferometry, and show how the time-shifted correlation coefficient can be used to estimate the mean and variance of the distribution of travel-time perturbations. I show how this general theory can be used to estimate changes in the wave velocity, in the location of scatterer positions, and in the source location.     

Theoretical researches on three-dimensional coda wave scattering problem

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长春地震台用最大振幅和持续时间联合确定的矩震级公式

根据《中国地震台网观测报告》,选取1983—1986年期间的109次地震(5.5≤Ms≤8.5;10°≤Δ≤105°)资料。在宽频带中周期SK地震图上,量取两个水平向尾波振幅减少到S波最大值三分之一处的持续时间,再取它与震中距和最大地动位移的乘积。取对数作为地震矩Mo然后与Ms进行线性拟合,并应用最小二乘法分别计算出我国和NEIS的矩震级公式。从统计结果看,我国和NEIS的矩震级公式的标准偏差分别的0.2400和0.3046。其相关系数均达0.83以上。利用最大振幅和持续时间联合确定的矩震级公式实用性强,能解决巨大震级的饱和问题;同时,对面波限幅的地震解决了计算震级的困难。     

Attenuation characteristics of coda waves and estimation of Qc values in eastern China

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Attenuation characteristics of coda waves and estimation of Q c values in eastern China

For short-period near-earthquake records in eastern China, from the empirical attenuation formula of coda ground motion amplitudeA with timeτ: lgA=G−2. 235 lgτ, using the single scattering theory modified with epicentral distance, we obtain the curve family of corrected coda amplitudeA _c(r,t), andω/2Q _c values for each time interval of coda. From this,Q _c(f,h) values, which correspond to each observational average frequency and sampling depth, are calculated. The results substantially agree with those observationalQ _c values in Yunnan, Beijing and central Asia.     

Effect of anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere on the shape of local earthquake coda

A simple model of single acoustic scattering is used to study the dependence of the shape of local earthquake coda on the anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere. The model is applied to the coda of earthquakes located near Stone Canyon, central California, and provides an explanation for the features observed in the data, which include an interesting temporal variation in the coda shape. A surficial layer with aQ of 50 and thickness of 10 or 25 km underlain by a zone with aQ of 1000 extending to the bottom of the lithosphere, together with a scattering scale length,a, that varies with depthz according to the relationa=0.3 exp[-(z/45)²] are found to constitute the simplest structure of the medium compatible with the coda data and with body and surface wave attenuation data. The profile of heterogeneity sizes implies that the scattering strength increases strongly with depth, a constraint required by the necessity to boost the energy of the later coda without forcing the intrinsicQ to be excessively high in the uppermost mantle. This constraint is viewed as an artifact of the single scattering model which overstimates the scattering coefficient due to the neglect of multiple scattering. The observed temporal variation of the signal is difficult to explain by a simple change of the intrinsicQ at some depth. Rather, it is suggested that the scattering properties at depth changed with time through a variation of the fractional rms velocity fluctuation on the order of one percent.     

Regional coda Q in Costa Rica, Central America

Regional seismic apparent attenuation was estimated for Costa Rica, Central America, by using a time domain single scattering model of the shear wave coda decay of local earthquakes. The sensitivity of coda Q (Q_c) measurements with respect to geological differences in the crust is demonstrated in eight sub-regions with a large variety of tectonic and geologic properties. The Q_c estimations were performed for 96 selected local earthquakes recorded at 13 sites during a period of three months. In order to model the scattering as a weak process and to avoid short distance nonlinear effects, we made use of the S-wave coda data only from events within a hypocentral distance of 12 to 106 km with a lapse time between 9 and 53 s. Seismograms were also divided into groups with three different focal depths d, namely d<21 km, 21 kmc values are frequency dependent in the range 1–9 Hz, and are approximated by a least-squares fit to the power law Q_c(f) = Q₀(f/f₀)ⁿ. The estimated parameters of the power-law dependence of Q_c for the whole region, including all depths and possible wave paths, are Q₀ = 91 (± 8.4) and n = 0.72 (±0.071). Differences in the parameter of Q_c for different depths intervals are small, ranging from Q₀ = 90 (±0.7) and n = 0.70 (±0.006) for the uppermost group, with focal depths less than 21 km, to Q₀ = 97 (±0.7) and n = 0.79 (±0.005) for the deepest group with focal depths larger than 43 km. The regional differences in Q_c for the eight sub-regions are significantly larger when compared with the differences between the three focal depth groups. An attempt is made to interpret the variation of Q_c in terms of spatial variations in the geologic and tectonic properties of the crust. Other authors have found that the frequency exponent n might be larger in active tectonic areas and smaller in more stable regions. In the northern region of the Pacific coast we obtain a value of n = 0.52 (±0.011), which might indicate a lower level of tectonic activity when compared with n = 0.85 (±0.015) and 0.83 (±0.031), respectively, for the central and southern sub-regions along the Pacific coast. The latter two sub-regions are located closer to the active area near the Cocos ridge. We obtain the frequency exponent n = 0.72 (±0.052) along a major shear zone in central Costa Rica characterized by high volcanic activity and large geologic complexity. Values of n along the Panamean border are 0.62 (±0.029) in the north and 0.86 (±0.009) and 0.83 (±0.031) in two regions adjacent to the subduction zone and the Cocos Ridge, respectively.     

唐山地区尾波Qc值研究

利用首都圈地震数字台网资料,计算了唐山地区不同尾波窗长的Qc值。尾波窗长为15~30s时,Qc(f)=53f1.1;尾波窗长为30~60s时,Qc(f)=256f0.8;尾波窗长为60~90s时,Qc(f)=304f0.72;尾波窗长为90~120s时,Qc(f)=2400.68。可以看出,同一地点的Q0值随尾波窗长的增加而增大,但尾波窗长为90~120s时,Q0反而减小。     

用地震尾波持续时间求周至台近震震级

用回归分析的方法,对周至地震台DD-1型地震仪1986～1990年之间的记录资料进行分析处理,得出用地震尾波的记录持续时间(T=F-P)计算周至台近震震级的公式。从而较好地解决了该台的计算震级与陕西台网的测定震级偏差较大的问题,特别是对于以前无法计算震级的出格地震有了行之有效的解决办法。