华南混合岩中的铀矿化

以浸染扶晶质铀矿形式产于混合岩中的铀矿化是华南一种新的铀矿化类型。根据晶质铀矿在矿体中的存在形式,可划分为原生型和改造型。原生型矿床中主要铀矿物是晶质铀矿,改造型矿床中的主要铀矿物是沥青铀矿和残余的晶质铀矿。此类型矿床是富铀地层选择性熔融,并在此过程中导致铀的活化、转移和局部富集的结果。     

电子探针化学测年在攀枝花大田晶质铀矿中的应用及其意义

晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿是热液铀矿床的主要工业铀矿物,在研究热液铀矿床成因及成矿规律方面具有重要的意义。攀枝花大田地区是我国混合岩型热液铀矿分布区,已发现粗粒特富铀矿滚石(铀含量10%)及较富基岩矿石(铀含量为0.1%~2%),主要铀矿物为晶质铀矿,对两种晶质铀矿成分及形成时代的研究对该区混合岩型热液铀矿成矿规律研究具有重要的价值。本文通过对大田地区滚石中的晶质铀矿和基岩矿石中的晶质铀矿进行矿物学及电子探针分析,研究了晶质铀矿的成分及形成时代。结果表明:(1)大田地区滚石和基岩矿石中的晶质铀矿除铅之外化学成分较为相似,两类矿石晶质铀矿中UO_2含量为77.36%~84.04%,ThO_2含量为0.98%~5.59%,PbO含量为1.79%~8.8%,其中滚石晶质铀矿中的铅含量低于基岩晶质铀矿,钍含量高于基岩晶质铀矿;(2)电子探针化学定年结果表明,基岩矿石晶质铀矿的形成时代为774.9~785.5 Ma,滚石晶质铀矿的形成时代为783.7 Ma,与传统同位素测年结果(775~777.6 Ma)非常一致,一方面说明滚石晶质铀矿和基岩晶质铀矿为同一时代的产物,另一方面说明电子探针原位测年方法是可靠的;(3)在后期的热液蚀变中,晶质铀矿先后发生了硅化、碳酸盐化及赤铁矿化,蚀变发生的时间分别为730.6Ma、699.8 Ma和664.0 Ma。此结论对研究攀枝花大田地区热液铀矿成矿时代及成矿作用过程提供了依据。     

伊犁盆地尼勒克凹陷石炭—侏罗系稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

基于ICP-MS方法分析尼勒克凹陷石炭—侏罗系泥岩稀土元素丰度,据物源和构造背景判识方法着重探讨不同地质时代泥岩中稀土元素丰度和赋存状态、源岩类型和构造背景。结果表明,除侏罗系西山窑组泥岩中重稀土元素富集外,其它泥岩中稀土元素含量类似上地壳稀土元素丰度,均表现出重稀土相对富集而轻稀土相对亏损,这可能与泥岩中有机质对重稀土元素的优先吸附有关;粘土矿物和锆石是研究区泥岩中稀土元素的主要载体;尼勒克凹陷石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系物源区母岩性质类似中酸性岩(英云闪长岩),与上地壳相比含有更少的长英质组分和更多的铁镁质组分,物源区构造背景以大陆岛弧构造背景为主。     

准噶尔盆地南缘芦草沟组稀土元素地球化学特征、物源性质和构造背景分析

基于稀土元素地球化学特征研究,着重探讨了准噶尔盆地南缘中二叠统芦草沟组页岩稀土元素丰度和赋存状态、源区母岩性质和构造背景,结果表明:芦草沟组页岩稀土元素含量类似上地壳稀土元素丰度,与轻稀土元素相比,重稀土元素具富集趋势,这可能与页岩中有机质对重稀土元素的吸附有关;页岩中轻稀土元素主要受控于粘土矿物,而重稀土元素受锆石、磷酸盐矿物和有机质的共同影响;准噶尔盆地南缘中二叠世物源区母岩以长英质组分为主,母岩性质非常类似于英云闪长岩成分;物源区以大陆岛弧构造背景为主。     

广东石人嶂钨矿床中的晶质铀矿研究

石人嶂钨矿床含钨石英脉、花岗岩、云英岩中均发育有晶质铀矿。岩矿鉴定及EDS分析研究发现,铀矿与钍石构成类质同象系列(包括晶质铀矿、含钍晶质铀矿、铀钍石、含铀钍石、钍石、方钍石),它们常常与黄铁矿、磷钇矿、锆石、独居石等矿物共生。晶质铀矿成分在不同矿脉、不同中段均有变化,矿物内部成分也不稳定,可发育生长环带。XRD分析确认晶质铀矿的存在,主要成分是UO2。随着热液活动的增强,矿物颗粒的增大,晶质铀矿成分变纯,UO2含量增加;晶质铀矿常常形成黄铁矿边,次生变化在边部析出富含杂质的铀矿微粒。电子探针测试晶质铀矿的年龄为151~157Ma,与本区钨矿化年龄相吻合,跟华南地区铀矿化构成同一成矿系列,同属于燕山期成矿大爆发阶段同一成矿热液活动的产物,这对于在该地区钨矿床及外围寻找铀矿资源具有重要意义。     

广东石人嶂钨矿床晶质铀矿研究进展简述

<正>铀矿是国家大力发展清洁能源的矿物原料与重要战备资源,晶质铀矿是铀矿资源的重要来源。许多产铀花岗岩体中发现有晶质铀矿,但在其他岩类中发现晶质铀矿的报道还非常的少(张少琴等,2009),在石人嶂钨矿床中发现晶质铀矿更显意义重大。广东石人嶂钨矿是粤北的重要矿山,在开展石人嶂钨矿伴生银工作中,朱文凤通过显微镜鉴定及扫描电镜能谱分析,在石英钨矿脉、云英岩     

下庄铀矿田一种新型交代蚀变糜棱岩铀钨矿体

通过蚀变岩重砂分析、显微镜观察及化学成分的研究,确定竹山下露天采场及七号坑采场原称“辉绿岩”实际上是一种黑云母化、角闪石化、绿泥石化、电气石化和水云母化的绿色气热交代花岗岩的蚀变岩。该绿色蚀变岩中普遍发育白钨矿化和晶质铀矿化。在下庄铀矿田中首次发现了晶质铀矿与白钨矿的共生矿体。     

四川米易海塔地区富晶质铀矿石英脉成矿物理化学条件研究

<正>晶粒状晶质铀矿在自然界分布较广,在岩浆铀矿床、伟晶岩型铀矿床以及花岗岩、碱性岩副矿物中都有产出,但晶粒一般都很细小(大多在1 mm以下)。热液矿床中铀一般呈胶状的沥青铀矿形式产出,偶尔以显晶质的晶质铀矿形式产出者,晶粒也很细小,且晶型极不完整。笔者近期在四川米易海塔地区产于混合岩化片岩的石英脉中发现了大量稠密分布的巨粒状晶质铀矿,其粒径达0.n~1 cm,且晶型完好,具有极高的科学研究价值。本文对富晶质铀矿石英脉中的包裹体进行岩相学、测温分析,     

康滇地轴巨粒晶质铀矿的发现及其地质意义

康滇地轴米易海塔地区富晶质铀矿石英脉产于晚元古代受混合岩化作用影响的五马箐组黑云斜长片岩中,受韧-脆性断裂构造裂隙带控制。晶质铀矿呈黑色,半金属光泽;晶形完好,以立方体与八面体聚形及菱形十二面体为主,少量呈立方体;粒径大多0.5cm左右,最大可达1cm以上。共生矿物组合为石英-晶质铀矿-榍石-辉钼矿组合。研究认为,晶质铀矿形成于温度压力较高及深度较大的地质环境,是高温偏酸性流体在温度缓慢下降的强还原条件下结晶而成的。康滇地轴具有形成高强度铀矿化的地质背景和成矿条件,在康滇地轴混合岩地区最有前景的铀矿类型应为受韧-脆性构造控制的中高温热液脉型矿化。     

云南牟定地区巨粒晶质铀矿成因新认识:一种与钠长岩有关的新型铀矿化

云南牟定地区产出世界罕见的巨粒晶质铀矿,且具有极其特殊的"晶质铀矿—金红石(大量)—锆石(少量)"矿物组合形式,对于这种特殊铀矿化的成因及巨粒晶质铀矿的形成机理等问题谜一样困扰学界多年。近年来,经岩石学、矿物学、岩石地球化学,同位素地质学及年代学等综合研究,确认含铀的围岩为钠长岩,主要由钠长石(平均An=3.36)组成,Na_2O平均含量为7.91%,属碱性(平均σ=5.84),强过铝(A/CNK≥1.10),具有高分异指数(平均DI=82.39%)、长英指数(平均FL=88.39%)、镁铁指数(平均MF=84.92%)及低的固结指数(平均SI=5.06%)的特征,且具有极低的稀土含量(平均∑REE=162)。[n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)]_i均大于0.710,具有壳源特征,形成年龄(锆石SIMS年龄测试结果为1057 Ma)与水桥寺岩体(1038～1070 Ma)接近,是水桥寺高分异岩体由黑云母微斜长石花岗岩—含黑云母微斜长钠长花岗岩—钠长花岗岩—钠长岩的演化分异过程中最远端产物。晶质铀矿稀土配分模式及成分特征与典型岩浆型铀矿床一致,其形成于高温(平均662.19℃)的地质环境中,铀矿物与钠长岩具有同源、同演化及近于同时形成的特征,进而确定牟定地区铀矿化为一种与钠长岩有关的新的铀矿化类型,具有岩浆分异成因特征。Ti对U的络合、迁移及巨粒晶质铀矿形成起了至关重要的作用。此外,岩体演化分异过程中不仅控制铀矿化的产出,同时钠长花岗岩阶段还有Nb、Ta矿化产出。     

Rare earth elements in granitic rocks

The younger granites in Finland contain more REE than the older ones. In the youngest, postorogenic rapakivi granites, the total REE concentration is highest, the light REE are more enriched, and the negative Eu anomaly is more pronounced than in the older granites. The enrichment of the light REE, the anomalous behavior of the extreme elements (La, Ce, and Lu) in normalized graphs, and the depletion of Eu indicate the degree of differentiation the rock has undergone. These features are usually more pronounced in large, homogeneous granites than in metamorphic or volcanogenic rocks. Silicic vein rocks usually contain less REE than the granites proper; the distribution pattern in many is as in granites, but in some the heavy elements are more enriched. The positive Eu anomaly in Precambrian metamorphic rocks is tentatively attributed to metamorphic differentiation and to the secretion of silicic material from the host rock.     

Residence of REE, Y, Th and U in Granites and Crustal Protoliths; Implications for the Chemistry of Crustal Melts

A systematic study with laser ablation—ICP-MS, scanningelectron microscopy and electron microprobe revealed that 70–95wt% of REE (except Eu), Y, Th and U in granite rocks and crustalprotoliths reside within REEYThU-rich accessories whose nature,composition and associations change with the rock aluminosity.The accessory assemblage of peraluminous granites, migmatitesand high-grade rocks is composed of monazite, xenotime (in low-Cavarieties), apatite, zircon, Thorthosilicate, uraninite andbetafite-pyrochlore. Metaluminous granites have allanite, sphene,apatite, zircon, monazite and Thorthosilicaie. Peralkaline graniteshave aeschinite, fergusonite, samarskite, bastnaesite, fluocerite,allanite, sphene, zircon, monazite, xenotime and Th-orthosilicate.Granulite-grade garnets are enriched in Nd and Sm by no lessthan one order of magnitude with respect to amphibolite-gradegarnets. Granulitegrade feldspars are also enriched in LREEwith respect to amphibolite-grade feldspars. Accessories causenon-Henrian behaviour of REE, Y, Th and U during melt—solidpartitioning. Because elevated fractions of monazite, xenotimeand zircon in common migmatites are included within major minerals,their behaviour during anatexis is controlled by that of theirhost. Settling curves calculated for a convecting magma showthat accessories are too small to settle appreciably, beingseparated from the melt as inclusions within larger minerals.Biotite has the greatest tendency to include accessories, therebyindirectly controlling the geochemistry of REE, Y, Th and U.We conclude that REE, Y, Th and U are unsuitable for petrogeneticalmodelling of granitoids through equilibrium-based trace-elementfractionation equations. KEY WORDS: accessory minerals; geochemical modelling; granitoids; REE, Y, Th, U     

REE geochemical characteristics of the No. 302 uranium deposit in northern Guangdong, South China

The No. 302 uranium deposit, located in Guangdong Province, is a typical granite-type uranium ore deposit REE geochemical characteristics of the wall rocks, pitchblende, altered rocks, calcite and fluorite from this deposit have been systematically studied in this paper. The result showed that the alkali-metasomatic granites and other altered rocks have the same REE distribution patterns as Indosinian granites. It is indicated that the hydrothermal ore-forming solution had altered the Indosinian granites, and ore-forming materials may directly originate from the Indosinian granites. Calcite and fluorite of different stages are the products derived from the same source but different stages. The evolution and degassing of the mineralizing solution might induce LREE enrichment to varying degree. Mantle fluid and a large volume of mineralizer may be the crucial factors controlling uranium mineralization, and the hydrothermal solution with mineralizer played an important role in U transport and concentration. Meanwhile, the degassing of CO2 might promote U and REE precipitation.     

白云鄂博花岗岩稀土配分型式的初步研究

白云鄂博花岗岩的稀土配分型式 该花岗岩出露于白云鄂博矿的东部和东南部。侵入于白云鄂博群中,引起围岩不同程度和不同性质的蚀变。在地质构造位置上处于内蒙台背斜向内蒙褶皱带过渡的的中间地带,多沿东西方向分布,受断裂控制。     

Isotope geochronology,geochemistry, and mineral chemistry of the U-bearing and barren granites from the Zhuguangshan complex,South China: Implications for petrogenesis and uranium mineralization

The Zhuguangshan complex carries some of the most important granite-hosted uranium deposits in South China. Here we investigate the Changjiang and Jiufeng granites which represent typical U-bearing and barren granites in the complex, using zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopic and zircon Hf isotopic data, and mineral chemistry, to constrain the petrogenesis and uranium mineralization. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that both the Changjiang and Jiufeng granites were emplaced ca. 160 Ma. These rocks show high silica, weakly to strongly peraluminous compositions, enrichment in Rb, Th, and U, and depletion in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti. These features coupled with the high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, negative εNd(t) values and εHf(t) values, and the Paleoproterozoic two stage model ages of these two granites suggest that the two granites belong to S-type granites, and the parental magmas of the two granites were derived from the Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks. However, the granitoids show different mineralogical characteristics. The biotite in the Changjiang granite belongs to siderophyllite, marking higher degree of chloritization, whereas the biotite in the Jiufeng granite is ferribiotite, characterized by only slight chloritization. Compared with the Jiufeng granite, the biotite in the Changjiang granite has lower crystallization temperature and oxygen fugacity, but higher F content, and the uraninite has higher UO₂ content but lower ThO₂ content, and stronger corrosion. The chemical ages of uraninites from both granites are (within error) consistent with the zircon U-Pb ages and are considered to represent the emplacement ages of granites. Chemical ages of pitchblende in the Changjiang granite yield 118 ± 8 Ma, 87 ± 4 Ma, and 68 ± 6 Ma, representing multiple episodes of hydrothermal events that are responsible for the precipitation of U ores in the Changjiang uranium ore field. Our study suggests that the degree of magma differentiation and physicochemical conditions of the magmatic-hydrothermal system are the key factors that control the different U contents of these two granites. The mineralogical characteristics of uraninite and biotite can be used to distinguish between U-bearing and barren granites, and serve as a potential tool for prospecting granite-hosted uranium deposits.     

Petrologic significance of rare earths distribution in granites

Granitic rocks of various ages and composition are found in the Schwarzwald region of West Germany. These granites range in age from Upper Devonian to Upper Carboniferous (370-280 m.y.) and in composition from granodiorites to alkali feldspar granites. 14 representative samples of twelve different types were analysed for their La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu by instrumental neutron activation. The studies reveal that there are characteristic differences between the different types of granitic rocks both as regards to their total REE content as well as the distribution pattern of these elements. These differences can not be directly related to the variations in the major element chemistry or the mineralogy of the granites. On the other hand, a relationship is found between the age of the granitic rocks and the total REE as well as their distribution pattern. In general the ΣREE varies from 22 to 215 ppm in different types. The ΣLa-Lu increases gradually in the direction Upper Devonian→Lower Carboniferous, however, in the granitic rocks of the Upper Carboniferous this trend is reversed and there is again a marked depletion in the content of REE. The chondrite normalised patterns of all the older types give a smooth concave curve with decrease of concentration from La to Lu. All the Upper Carboniferous granites on the other hand are characterised by a progressive pronounced negative Eu anomaly. The gradual increase of the ΣREE in the older granites is related to their evolution by progressive anatexis, whereas, the decrease in the total REE content in case of the younger Upper Carboniferous granites is due to processes of magmatic differentiation. The depletion of Eu in these K-feldspar rich types of granite is probably related to the breakdown of biotite in the anatectic starting material.     

Geochemical characteristics of the niobium-rich arfvedsonite granites, Younger Granites province of Nigeria

Arfvedsonite granites are most prevalent in the northern sector of the Nigerian anorogenic ring-complex province wherein they form the main granitic rocks at Kudaru and Fagam and are important components of Kila-Warji, Ririwai and Dutsen-Wai ring-complexes. The albitized variety of these rocks hosts pyrochlore to varying extents depending on the degree of albitization and are, therefore, important targets for niobium investigation. Geochemical data of the granites reveal that niobium has a mean concentration of 111 ppm in the arfvedsonite granite, increasing to 168 ppm in the aegirine arfvedsonite granite and reaching 1568 ppm in the albite arfvedsonite granite. Niobium is thus enriched in the albite arfvedsonite granite by a factor of 8-11 relative to its mean value in the aegirine arfvedsonite and arfvedsonite granites, respectively. Uranium contents show a sympathetic trend with niobium, being also enriched in the albite arfvedsonite granite relative to its abundance in both the aegirine arfvedsonite granite and arfvedsonite granite by a factor of 15. The uranium abundance in the albite arfvedsonite granite is more than 48 times higher than the mean background values in low-calcium granite.The REE fractionation patterns in all three arfvedsonite granite varieties are characterized by enrichment of both the light (La-Sm) and heavy (Gd-Lu) rare earth elements and a significant negative Eu anomaly. The albite arfvedsonite granite is, however, preferentially more enriched in the heavy REE relative to the aegirine arfvedsonite and the arfvedsonite granites. A plot of the ∑REE against Na₂O and niobium reveals positive correlation in the arfvedsonite granites. There is also a linear relationship and strongly positive correlation between Nb and Na₂O because the pyrochlore is most abundant in the most extensively albitized variety of the arfvedsonite granites.     

REE Mineralization of Weathered Crust and Clay Sediment on Granitic Rocks in the Sanyo Belt,SW Japan and the Southern Jiangxi Province,China

Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and mineralogy have been studied in the weathered crusts derived from the Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) biotite granites of Dabu and Dingnan, as well as in the Indosinian (Permian) muscovite–biotite granite of Aigao in southern Jiangxi province, China, and the weathered crusts and clay sediments on biotite granites in the Sanyo belt, SW Japan, that is, Okayama, Tanakami, and Naegi areas. In all of the weathered crusts, biotite and plagioclase commonly tend to decrease toward the upper part of the profile, whereas kaolinite and residual quartz and K‐feldspar increase. The weathered crusts of the Dingnan granites and some Naegi granites, which are characterized by the enrichment in light REE (LREE) in C horizons, have higher total REE (ΣREE) content than the parent REE‐enriched granites. Weathering of LREE‐bearing apatite and fluorocarbonates in the Dingnan granites and allanite and apatite in some Naegi granites may account for the leaching of LREE at the B horizons. The leached LREE must result in subsequent enrichment of LREE in the C horizons. The enrichment is probably associated with mainly adsorption onto kaolinite and partly formation of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals. In Japan it was found that REE mineralization occurs not in the weathered granitic crusts but in reworked clay sediments, especially kaolinite‐rich layers, derived mainly from the weathering materials of REE‐enriched granitic rocks. The clay sediments are more enriched in LREE, which likely adsorbed onto kaolinite. Concentration of heavy REE within almost all the weathered crusts and clay sediments, however, may reflect mainly residual REE‐bearing minerals such as zircon, which originated in the parent granitic rocks. The findings of the present study support the three processes for fractionation of the REE during weathering: (i) selective leaching of rocks containing both stable and unstable REE‐bearing minerals; (ii) adsorption onto clay minerals; and (iii) presence of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals.     

Are South China granites special in forming ion-adsorption REE deposits?

Ion-adsorption REE deposits associated with clay minerals are the main global HREE producer. The majority of these deposits are formed by the weathering of granites in South China, but whether there is any fundamental difference between the granites in and outside South China is still unclear. Besides, an effective evaluation system of granite mineralization potential is urgently needed for HREE exploration.To answer this question, we compiled a global granite geochemical dataset from within (n = 1932) and outside (n = 6109) South China, together with a dataset of representative REE deposits in South China (n = 128). The geochemical comparation shows that the South China granites share similar REE contents with those of many granites from places outside South China. Such similarity has also been found between REE ore-related and ore-barren granites in South China. This shows that granites from outside South China could also have ore-forming potential. Warm humid climate and quasi-equalized crustal state promote chemical weathering to continuously leach REEs and store them in the weathering crust. The enrichment ratio (Rx) can be used to quantify the climatic effect between orebodies and parent rocks. The calculated average Enrichment Ratios (Rx) of LREE- and HREE-rich deposits are 2.41 and 2.68, respectively. Sufficient REE content in granite is the prerequisite for mineralization, and we propose that the combination of the minimum REE + Y (172 and 108 ppm in LREE- and HREE-rich parent rocks, respectively) and REE oxide ratio (1.32) can reveal the granite metallogenic potential. Together with the suitable tropical and temperate climate area with ion-adsorption REE deposits, we further identified certain regions with high REE mineralization potential outside South China to assist future exploration.     

Pre-collision Granites and Post-collision Intrusive Assemblage of the Kelameili-Harlik Orogenic Belt

The main types of intrusive rocks in the Kelameili-Harlik Hercynian erogenic belt include calc-alkaline granites, diabase dykes, kaligranites and alkaline granites. Investigation in field geology, petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry shows that the calc-alkaline granites belong to the syntexis-type (or I-type) and were formed in a pre-collisional magmatic arc environment. In consideration of the fact that kaligranites have many features of alkaline granites with higher consolidation temperatures than the calc-alkaline granites and show a discontinuity of minor element and REE evolution in respect to the calc-alkaline granites, they could not have been derived by differentiation of magmas for the calc-alkaline granites, but are likely to have been generated in an environment analogous to that for alkaline granites. The triplet of basic dyke swarms, kaligranites and alkaline granites could be regarded as a prominent indication of the initial stage of post-collisional delamination and extension. These ro