Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Atmospheric Moisture of Pailugou Catchment in Northwestern China′s Qilian Mountains

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation have been widely used as effective traces to investigate hydrological processes such as evaporation and atmospheric moisture source. This study analyzed δD and δ~(18)O of precipitation in continuous event-based samples at three stations of Pailugou Catchment from November 2012 to December 2013. The δ~(18)O and δD values ranged from-32.32‰ to +3.23‰ and from-254.46‰ to +12.11‰, respectively. Results show that the δ~(18)O displayed a distinct seasonal variation, with enriched values occurring in summer and relatively depleted values in winter, respectively. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the δ~(18)O and δD values and local surface air temperature at all the three stations. The nearest Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation(GNIP) station(Zhangye), compared to the Meteoric Water Lines for this study, showed the obvious local evaporation effects with lower intercept and slope. Additionally, d-excess(δD- 8δ~(18)O) parameter in precipitation exhibited an anti-phase seasonal variability with the δ~(18)O. The 96-h back trajectories for each precipitation event using Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model indicated a dominant effect of westerly air masses in summer and the integrated influence of westerly and polar air masses in winter.     

Origin of sulfur and mode of gypsum formation in central Iraqi soils

The δ18O and δD values of gypsum crystallization water together with δ18O and δ34S of sulfates were used as reliable techniques to study source of sulfur and mode of gypsum formation in selected central Iraqi soils.Six representative pedons on different geologic units were studied.The slope of 3.2 for δ18O and δD plot of gypsum crystallization water showed that evaporation was the major process of gypsum deposition in the study area.The mean δ34S value of +17.58 ‰ showed that Cretaceous sea sulfate followed by Tertiary is the source of sulfur in studied soils.The heavier δ34S value(+17.58 ‰) of the study area compared to central Iran(+13.5 ‰) proved that gypsum in central Iraq soils has been formed in the later stage of evaporation and that Iraqi landforms were cut off from the Tethys seaway after central Iran was evolved.     

内蒙古赤峰地区馒头沟铜矿地质特征及成因研究

馒头沟铜矿是近年来在内蒙古赤峰地区发现的一处砂(页)岩型铜矿,在内蒙乃至北方属首次发现。该文在区域地质背景、矿区地质及矿化特征方面对该矿进行了初步的分析研究,并讨论了其矿床类型、成矿物质来源及成因,可进一步指导馒头沟矿床的勘查和认识,且对内蒙古乃至北方晚二叠世寻找同类矿床具有一定的地质意义。     

Spatial variation of stable isotopes in different waters during melt season in the Laohugou Glacial Catchment,Shule River basin

To evaluate isotopic tracers at natural abundances by providing basic isotope data of the hydrological investigations and assessing the impacts of different factors on the water cycle, a total of 197 water samples were collected from the Laohugou Glacial catchment in the Shule River basin northwestern China during the 2013 ablation seasons and analyzed their H- and O-isotope composition. The results showed that the isotopic composition of precipitation in the Qilianshan Station in the Laohugou Glacial catchment was remarkable variability. Correspondingly, a higher slope of δ~(18)O-δD diagram, with an average of 8.74, is obtained based on the precipitation samples collected on the Glacier No.12, mainly attributed to the lower temperature on the glacier surface. Because of percolation and elution, the isotopic composition at the bottom of the firn is nearly steady. The δ~(18)O /altitude gradients for precipitation and melt water were -0.37‰/100 m and -0.34‰/100 m, respectively. Exposed to the air and influenced by strong ablation and evaporation, the isotopic values and the δ~(18)O vs δD diagram of the glacial surface ice show no altitudinal effect, indicating that glacier ice has the similar origins with the firn. The variation of isotopic composition in the melt water, varying from -10.7‰ to -16.9‰(δ~(18)O) and from -61.1‰ to -122.1‰(δD) indicates the recharging of snowmelt and glacial ice melt water produced at different altitudes. With a mean value of -13.3‰ for δ~(18)O and -89.7‰ for δD, the isotopic composition of the stream water is much closer to the melt water, indicating that stream water is mainly recharged by the ablation water. Our results of the stable isotopic compositions in natural water in the Laohugou Glacial catchment indicate the fractionations and the smoothing fluctuations of the stable isotopes during evaporation, infiltration and mixture.     

云南乌东德水电站施期料场中元古代热液白云岩研究

云南禄劝乌东德水电站是我国第三座超千万千瓦级水电站，其建设所采用的混凝土人工骨料来源于坝址下游施期料场的中元古代落雪组灰岩。在骨料勘察和实际开采过程中，发现灰岩与白云岩在同一层位产出，其岩性变化界线切割岩层面，该类现象为工程地质研究中所罕见，引起了高度关注。以施期料场灰岩-白云岩过渡带和骨料开采残留的一处白云岩凸起岩块为重点研究对象，开展了野外地质调查、室内岩相学、微区矿物形貌和成分、碳氧同位素以及流体包裹体分析，深入探讨了研究区碳酸盐岩成岩演化和岩相转变过程与机理，提出了新的白云岩化成因模式。结果表明:①矿物形貌和空间分布特征指示与灰岩过渡的白云岩为早期灰岩经过后期白云岩化形成；②白云岩中发育的斑马纹构造、鞍状白云石及其伴生的硫化物和碳质物等，指示其经历了热液白云岩化过程。鞍状白云石中流体包裹体的均一温度（183~215℃）显著高于围岩方解石中流体包裹体均一温度（102~152℃）；③白云岩普遍具有较轻的O同位素值（δ18O=-13.3‰~-7.8‰），而其中鞍状白云石的δ18O最低（-13.3‰），表明它们可能为热液流体直接沉淀的产物，而其他白云岩由于受热液流体影响程度较低而具有较低的包裹体均一温度和较高的δ18O值；④乌东德地区近直立的岩层产状和断裂可能为热液流体运移提供了通道，而其上覆的近水平震旦系灯影组厚层白云岩则起到了封堵作用，使热液流体在不整合面之下与灰岩发生长时间反应；热液流体的运移方向决定了最终的热液白云岩的分布。      

地下水化学组成的时空聚类分析与多级嵌套水流系统识别

水文地球化学是识别地下水流系统的重要方法,然而区域尺度上多级嵌套地下水流系统的复杂性使地下水化学组成的分析和解释难度增加。以鄂尔多斯北部盆地湖泊集中区典型的胡同察汗淖地下水流系统为例,基于丰水期和枯水期3个期次不同深度地下水样品的物理化学数据,应用时空聚类与主成分分析方法,揭示地下水化学组成的空间分布特征、变化规律及其作用机制,分析水化学时空聚类结果对多级嵌套地下水流系统划分的可行性。该聚类结果将地下水样品分为3类,其中C1为以Na-HCO₃型为主的深层地下水,具有偏负的氢氧同位素组成（δD < -70‰,δ18O < -9‰）和极低浓度的NO₃-;C2为Ca-HCO₃为主的浅层地下水,具有偏正的氢氧同位素组成（δD > -70‰,δ18O > -9‰）和高浓度的NO₃-;而C3呈无优势阳离子、δD和δ18O变化范围大且显著线性相关等深、浅地下水混合特征。呈南北条带分布在苏贝淖-胡同察汗淖排泄区的C2和部分C3水化学组成有一定的季节变化。研究验证了研究区受地形和湖泊排泄控制的浅层局部和深层区域地下水流系统的空间分布,识别了苏贝淖-胡同察汗淖排泄区受浅循环和深循环共同影响的强烈作用带,证明了水化学时空聚类方法识别多级嵌套地下水流系统的可行性。      

豫北林州地区鼓山阶底部碳同位素组成及演化趋势

碳同位素地层学是寒武系地层划分与对比的重要手段。通过对豫北驴驮沟剖面碳酸盐岩地层进行碳同位素分析发现,驴驮沟剖面寒武系鼓山阶(Drumian)底界附近的碳酸盐岩的δ13C值分布于3.1‰~-1.7‰之间,δ18O值分布于-3.9‰~-9.4‰之间。δ13C、δ18O之前的非协变关系指示碳同位素组成比较稳定。鼓山阶底界附近δ13C表现为负漂移演化趋势,漂移幅度为3.0‰,最低值为-1.7‰,出现在三叶虫Proasaphiscus首现位置15 m之下。出现负漂移的位置和负漂移的幅度与华南湘西王村剖面、美国犹他州Drum Mountains等剖面的鼓山阶底部的负漂Drum carbon isotope excursion(DICE)一致,表明DICE负漂移具有洲际对比意义,可作为寒武系鼓山阶划分和对比的工具。负漂移峰值处岩性为位于青灰色页岩之间的薄层灰岩夹层,超覆于鲕粒灰岩之上,因此,寒武系鼓山阶底部附近的DICE负漂移对应于苗岭世早期的海侵时期。      

东亚季风区石笋δ18O解译:基于夏季风与夏季风降雨的思考

近些年,对于东亚季风区石笋δ18O的气候环境指示意义的争论较多,主要在东亚季风区石笋δ18O代表夏季和风强度、夏季风降水还是水汽源变化。基于中国东部华北地区降水与长江中下游地区降水反相变化和长江中下游地区降水与菲律宾海降水反相变化(遥相关),从年际-年代际到千年-轨道尺度对石笋δ18O与夏季风降水、厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的相互关系进行了探讨分析。通过对比石笋δ18O记录与华北和梅雨区降水,发现石笋δ18O偏负对应华北降水增加,梅雨区降水减少;石笋δ18O偏正对应华北降水减少,梅雨区降水增加。这种对应关系不仅存在年际-年代际尺度,而且在千年-轨道尺度同样存在,石笋δ18O不仅反映夏季风强弱变化,同时与中国东部区域降水关系是明确对应的。通过降水的空间相互关系,发现ENSO活动主要通过影响中国东部降水的空间分布格局而作用于石笋δ18O。La Ni?a态导致南海及菲律宾海对流加强,西太副高位置偏北,长江中下游地区梅雨期缩短,华北夏季降水增加,东亚季风区石笋δ18O偏负。El Ni?o态,南海和菲律宾海对流受到抑制,西太副高位置南移,长江中下游地区梅雨期延长,华北夏季降水减少,东亚季风区石笋δ18O偏正。另外,水汽源分析发现,菲律宾海水汽输送对东亚季风区降水及降水δ18O贡献相对较小。因此,综合分析认为,东亚季风区石笋δ18O主要反映了亚洲夏季风的强弱变化。      

1980s-2005 年内蒙古地区土地利用/覆被变化分析

近几十年来, 由气候变化和人类活动共同驱动的内蒙古地区土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)较为剧烈, 其引发了一系列的生态环境问题。本文基于3 期LUCC数据, 借助于变化率指数、动态度指数、转类矩阵, 在全区和地级市尺度上, 分析了内蒙古地区土地利用/覆被变化的时空特征及驱动因素。研究结果显示, 受地形因素的影响, 研究区土地利用/覆被变化表现出明显的区域差异及区域趋同性。在经济发展和人口增长的双重压力下:(1)平原耕作区深受国家宏观政策的影响, 2000 年之后的“林地、高覆盖草地开垦”总体速度下降了近35%;(2) 平原耕作区北部边缘条带状地区、山区草原区受制于降水不显著的波动呈减少态势, 2000 年之后的“草地退化及荒漠化”趋势加强了近85%。研究结果为内蒙古地区土地资源的可持续利用与科学管理提供了依据。     

Composition of stable isotope in precipitation and its influences by different vapor sources in the eastern Qilian Mountains

To better understand the process of precipitation and water cycle, the composition of stable isotope in precipitation and its influences by different vapor sources in the eastern of Qilian Mountains were conducted from June 2013 to May 2014. The total of 100 precipitation samples were collected in Wushaoling national meteorological station located in the eastern of Qilian Mountains. The analysis indicates that the slope of Local Meteoric Water Line is lower than that of Global Meteoric Water Line. The average values of δ18 O and δD in precipitation are higher in summer but lower in winter. Except for negative correlation with relative humidity, the stable isotope values in precipitation are positive correlations with temperature, precipitation and water vapor pressure. Influenced by water vapor source, the values of d-excess are lower for the Westerly wind and the South Asia Monsoon onJuly and the Westerly wind and the East Asia Monsoon on August, but they are higher for the Westerly wind on other months, that they are also influenced by the weather conditions in rainfall process. The variation of stable isotope in precipitation exhibited significant temperature effect, and there is also some precipitation amount effect in spring and summer.     

滇东南洒西钨铍矿床成矿流体来源和演化: 来自流体包裹体和H-O同位素证据

洒西钨铍矿床位于滇东南老君山钨锡多金属成矿区。确定早期似层状矿体和晚期脉状矿体的流体性质、来源和演化过程, 并对其流体地球化学和同位素进行约束, 可以有效探讨洒西钨铍矿床成矿机制, 为老君山矿集区下一步找矿工作提供理论思考。洒西钨铍矿床脉状矿体的形成经历了硅酸盐阶段、氧化物-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 白钨矿和绿柱石主要形成于前两阶段。对洒西钨铍矿床脉状矿体不同阶段石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱分析等研究, 并对早期似层状矿体和晚期脉状矿体矿石中石英的氢-氧同位素组成进行了测试。结果表明: 该矿床内脉状矿体的流体包裹体主要有富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型。流体包裹体的气相成分以H₂O主, 含少量还原性气体如C₂H₂等, 液相成分也以H₂O为主。从硅酸盐阶段到碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 包裹体的均一温度和盐度(NaCl_eq)峰值范围分别为240~360℃、2.35%~13.81%;220~310℃、4.03%~9.86%和190~270℃、2.41%~6.88%。从硅酸盐阶段到碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 成矿流体的温度呈现降低趋势, 盐度也呈降低趋势。成矿流体总体上属中-高温度、低盐度、贫CO₂、含部分还原性气体的NaCl-H₂O流体体系。早期似层状矿体石英样品δD_V-SMOW值变化范围小, 为-102.8‰~-99.0‰, δ18O_V-SMOW值为11.7‰~13.0‰, δ18O_H2O值为3.16‰~6.46‰; 晚期脉状矿体氧化物-硫化物阶段石英样品δD_V-SMOW值变化范围较大, 为-99.6‰~-69.5‰, δ18O_V-SMOW值为11.2‰~14.1‰, δ18O_H2O值为3.08‰~6.73‰。综合表明成矿流体主要是岩浆水, 混合有少量大气降水或有机水, 流体可能发生了沸腾作用, 加之温度的降低, 导致晚期脉状矿体氧化物-硫化物阶段主要成矿物质的沉淀。洒西钨铍矿床属于中高温热液矿床。      

江汉平原高砷地下水稳定碳同位素特征及其指示意义

溶解性有机碳（DOC）是地下水中砷释放过程的关键因素,为查明江汉平原高砷地下水稳定碳同位素特征,识别有机质的降解过程对砷富集的影响,采用稳定碳同位素分析测试技术并结合地下水化学特征,对江汉平原典型砷中毒病区的浅层地下水进行了区域采样分析。结果表明:浅层承压水的砷质量浓度为0.23~2 621 μg/L。地表水较地下水具有更负的δ13C_DOC、δ13C_DIC值。地下水中溶解性无机碳（DIC）的δ13C_DIC值在-11.9‰~-3.99‰之间,溶解性有机碳的δ13C_DOC值在-28.5‰~-19.6‰之间。地下水的δ13C_DIC-δ13C_DOC差值与ρ（As）呈一定负相关关系,表明微生物作用下有机质的降解促进了As的富集。δ13C_DIC-δ13C_DOC差值与δ13C_DIC和ρ（DOC）均具有较显著的正相关关系,表明地下水中有机质的氧化分解是导致δ13C_DIC贫化的重要过程,微生物作用下溶解性有机质的降解是地下水中无机碳的重要来源。此外,江汉平原少数高砷地下水呈现较大的δ13C_DIC值,推断江汉平原高砷含水层强还原环境下可能存在的产甲烷过程导致了明显的碳同位素分馏。      

Spatial differentiation in stable isotope compositions of surface waters and its environmental significance in the Issyk-Kul Lake region of Central Asia

Stable isotope values of oxygen(~(18)O) and hydrogen(~(2)H) of surface waters were used to study the origin and environmental significances in the Issyk-Kul basin of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia, which is the most important intermountain basin in the modern Tien Shan orogen. This study is the first analysis of hydrochemical spatial differentiation in the stable isotopes of surface waters in this watershed.75 samples were collected from rivers, springs, lakes,rain and snow during the rainy season in July and August of 2016. Stable isotopes of ~(18)O and ~(2)H were studied for all samples, and cation ratios(Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) were also determined for lake water samples.Stable isotope values from precipitation scattered around the Local Meteoric Water Line(determined from Urumqi Station of the global network of isotopes in precipitation(GNIP)), together with values of the Deuterium excess parameter(d) from 15.3‰ to30.5‰, with an average of 19.8‰, indicating that the moisture sources are primarily from regions with low relative humidity. The δ~(18)O and δ~(2)H values were significantly different between the river and lake samples, indicating that regional evaporation caused the isotopic enrichment of lake water. Geospatial autocorrelation, measured by Moran's I coefficient,indicated weak spatial autocorrelation within stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the surface waters of the studied area, which is primarily an effect of climate during the water chemistry evolution. The cation ratios Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in lake water samples were not correlated with the concentration of total dissolved solids, but did show correlation with stable isotopic values, which is significant for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.     

基于决策树方法的蒙古高原土地覆盖遥感分类——以蒙古国中央省为例

蒙古高原包括蒙古全部、俄罗斯南部和中国北部部分地区。蒙古高原的土地利用/覆盖格局与变化,对揭示该区域乃至整个东北亚地区的资源、环境和生态特征,促进该区域可持续发展具有重要的现实和科学意义。本文以在蒙古国中央省及其所含首都乌兰巴托市为研究区,利用空间分辨率为30 m的TM影像,采取QUEST(Quick Unbiased and Efficient Statistical Tree)决策树方法,通过图像目视解译,获取了研究区2010年土地覆盖分类数据。结果显示,草地占据研究区总面积的70.88%,其次是森林占14.83%、裸地占10.73%、农田占2.98%、水体占0.31%、建筑用地占0.27%、湿地占0.02%。通过野外实地采集的139个GPS验证点进行精度评价发现,一级土地覆盖类型的总体精度可达72.66%。针对草地的二级分类的总体精度有较明显下降,其主要是由于中蒙科学家对于草地类型分类体系的差异所造成的典型草地和荒漠草地的混分。     

Land use regionalization of rural settlements in China

This paper compartmentalizes regional land use of rural settlements in China by employing a hierarchical clustering method.The statistic data are sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics of China(NBSC) and the data of land use change from the Ministry of Land and Resources of China(MLRC).The population of rural settlement decreases from the southeast to the northwest of China and the density of rural settlement decreases from the east to the west of China.Land-use scale of rural settlement,the proportion of one-storey houses and the average household area decrease from the north to the south of China.The ratio of area of cultivated land to rural settlement is high in the northeast and southwest of China but low in the southeast of China.The land use regionalization of rural settlement can be divided into four regions,namely:the northern region of China,Qinghai-Tibet,Yunnan-Guizhou,and the middle and eastern region of China.The northern region of China and the middle and eastern region of China can be further divided into nine sub-regions:Xinjiang,Northeast China,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia,North China,the south of the Changjiang(Yantze) River and Sichuan Basin,Jiangsu-Shanghai,South China,the Loess Plateau,and Guangxi.In consideration of the significant regional differences,it is proposed that different policies should be implemented regarding the utilization and management of rural settlements.     

Oxygen isotopic composition and its application to the study of tracing oceanographical process in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ18Ｏｉｎｍａｒｉｎｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｏｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙ .Ａｓａｓｔａｂｌｅｉｓｏｔｏｐｅｏｆｏｘｙｇｅｎ ,18ＯｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒｗｉｔｈｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｔｏｍｓｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｗａｔｅｒｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅＨ218ＯａｎｄｍｏｖｅｓｗｉｔｈａｌａｒｇｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＨ2 Ｏｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓｉｎｓｅａｗａｔｅｒ.Ｓｏｔｈａｔδ18Ｏｂｅｃｏｍｅｓａｎｉｄｅａｌｔｒａｃｅｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏ…     

印度尼西亚戴里Sedex型铅锌矿集区成矿流体特征及成矿物质来源:流体包裹体及同位素地球化学证据

戴里铅锌矿集区位于印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西北部,是一个主要产于页岩、具有巨型规模的Sedex型铅锌矿。通过系统的流体包裹体测试及H、O、S、Pb等同位素分析,以对其成因进行约束。分析结果表明:①戴里铅锌矿流体包裹体均一温度范围为189~315℃,峰值为220~240℃;②δD_V-SMOW值范围为-68.7‰~-76.4‰,平均为-72.9‰,δ18O_V-SMOW值范围为+5.9‰~+19.5‰,平均为+16.6‰;③黄铁矿δ34S_CDT值为正值,集中分布在+25.49‰~+26.36‰之间;④铅同位素显示较高的μ值（9.92~10.17,平均值为10.04）和ω值（38.06~40.51,平均值为39.26）。该矿床成矿流体温度为中温（220~240℃）,成矿流体可能以岩浆水为主,有少量浅源水的加入,硫、铅均为单一来源,其中硫主要来自海水,铅来源于上地壳。      

Application of stable isotope tracing technologies in identification of transformation among waters in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

In order to investigate the transformation among the precipitation,groundwater,and surface water in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China,precipitation and groundwater samples which were collected at the meteorological station of the Sanjiang Mire Wetland Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the surface water which collected from the Wolulan River were used to identify the transformation of three types of water.The isotope composition of different kinds of water sources were analyzed via stable isotope(deuterium and oxygen-18) investigation of natural water.The results show a clear seasonal difference in the stable isotopes in precipitation.During the cold half-year,the mean stable isotope in precipitation in the Sanjiang Plain reaches its minimum with the minimum temperature.The δ18O and δD values are high in the rainy season.In the Wolulan River,the evaporation is the highest in August and September.The volume of evaporation and the replenishment to the river is mostly same.The groundwater is recharged more by the direct infiltration of precipitation than by the river flow.The results of this study indicate that the water bodies in the Sanjiang Plain have close hydrologic relationships,and that the transformation among each water system frequently occurs.     

Geology and geochemistry of Huanggangliang stratabound skarn deposit in Inner Mongolia, China

Over the recent three decades,exploration of a large-size Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposit at the Huanggangliang, the Da Hinggan Mountains, Inner Mongolia, China, has been largely focused on the premise that the mineralization represents epigenetic magmatic hydrothermal ore deposit in genetic connection with the Mesozoic magmatism. The Huanggangliang Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposits occurred in Permian strata, with siltstone/marble of the Zhesi Formation and spilite/andesite/tuff of the Dashizhai Formation. The characteristics of geological and geochemical data demonstrated that sedimentary hydrothermal mineralization occurred during the basin evolution at the Permian, rather than representing epigenetic magmatic hydrothermal genesis with the following evidences. The ore-bearing skarns are stratiform with underlying metasedimentary rocks and overlying volcanic sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary hydrothermal textures and structures are observed in the stratabound ore-bearing skarn such as bedded-laminated skarn and magnetite ores with small-size folding or soft deformation, synsedimentary breccia of skarn and magnetite ores and concentric shell structure of magnetite ores. So the stratabound ore-bearing skarns associated with magnetite ore and micro-disseminated tin, are peculiar examples of exhalite. The REE contents of the stratabound ore-bearing skarns display ΣLREE-rich (36.91×10-6) but ΣHREE-depletion (6.42×10-6), with positive Eu anomaly (Eu/ Eu 1.28) and negative Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce 0.88), which is totally different from REE pattern of the Huanggang magmatic rocks(with ΣREE 277.73×10-6, ΣLREE 220.24×10-6, ΣHREE 57.49×10-6, Eu/Eu 0.06, Ce/ Ce 1.52), which is comparable with modern sea-floor hydrothermal fluid,sedimentary hydrothermal ore deposit and associated hydrothermal sedimentary rocks. Calcite samples with δ13CPDB from -5.400 ‰ to -4.397 ‰ and δ18OSMOW from 9.095 ‰ to 9.364 ‰ in the stratabound ore-bearing skarns show sedimentary hydrothermal genesis of the Huanggangliang deposit. This proposition is useful not only for interpretation of the genesis of the Huanggangliang large Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposit but also significant for mineral exploration in the area especially for finding large deposits caused by sedimentary exhalative mineralization processes.     

凡纳滨对虾不同生长阶段食物组成结构的研究

利用稳定同位素碳比率δ13C作为天然示踪物,对高位养殖池生态系统中人工饲料和天然饵料提供的能源物质对养殖凡纳滨对虾生长的贡献比率进行研究。结果表明:虾体的δ13C值受食物δ13C值的影响,由于其摄食饵料的δ13C值逐渐减小,虾体的δ13C值也逐渐降低,逐渐接近于最后人工饲料的δ13C值,试验虾体的δ13C值由养殖开始时的-19.52‰±0.09‰变为实验结束时的-21.74‰±0.17‰;对虾的食性在10d左右时发生转变,34d左右时人工饲料和浮游动物对虾体的能量贡献基本相同,养殖结束时对虾生长能量的97.29%±0.98%来源于人工饲料。