风廓线雷达对折射率结构常数的实测分析

大气折射率结构常数（Cn2）是大气中折射率大小的体现,为了改善风廓线雷达（WPR）数据质量,提高WPR数据业务应用的可靠性,对边界层风廓线雷达近1年的实测数据采用归纳对比的方法,分析得到Cn2与温度湿度变化的关系,并总结出成都地区晴朗天气下,四季Cn2量级的变化范围,与理论推导一致.夏天10-12到10-20,春秋10-13到10-20,冬天10-14到10-21,此外,根据降水量大小不同,Cn2提升3到6个量级,获得这些定量的范围,为相关风廓线雷达产品识别提供了方法和依据.     

风廓线雷达资料在降水数值预报中的应用探讨

风场是水汽输送的主要动力,也是影响降水数值预报的重要因子。针对目前常规探空测风的分辨率不高、资料获取时间长、不能及时反映风场中小尺度变化的不足,以及在数值预报中应用受限的问题,采用同化风廓线雷达资料的方法,分析高分辨率的单点风场数据对初始场和预报场的作用。结果表明,把单点风廓线雷达资料在WRF模式中同化是可行的。同化后对风廓线雷达站点初始场的风场、湿度场改善明显,对站点周围一定范围内的流场也有不同程度的影响。同时降水强度和落区的预报结果也有不同程度的改善,尤其是风廓线雷达站下风方向比未同化前更接近实况,在其他方向上距离雷达越近改善效果越明显。另外,同化风廓线资料后,模式预报的涡度散度分布和水汽输送场也有不同程度的改善。     

基于FPGA的风廓线雷达信号定时器的设计和实现

详细介绍了信号定时器的特点和工作原理,并给出一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的风廓线雷达信号定时器的设计方法.该信号定时器在某风廓线雷达中成功应用,且运行可靠,效果良好.     

三亚凤凰机场一次飚线过程的特征分析

利用三亚凤凰机场实时观测数据、常规地面观测资料、高空观测资料、三亚地区多普勒雷达资料及闪电定位资料,从天气形势、物理机制、雷达回波和闪电特征等方面对2012年4月21日的飚线天气过程进行了详细分析。结果表明:地面冷锋、低涡切变线以及高空槽相互配合是产生此次强对流天气的天气尺度系统,飑线是此次对流天气的直接影响系统;欧阳位温图和雷雨顺能量图对此次强对流飚线过境有一定的指示意义;多普勒雷达图和闪电定位资料在临近预报中能够有效识别飚线特征,对飚线的移动方向、维持时间的预报有指导意义。     

四川凉山平川镇“7.14”泥石流灾害的气象成因

以盐源县的泥石流发生为例,研究了凉山地区出现局地强降雨引发的中型泥石流灾害的气象成因。运用天气学方法,使用NCEP再分析资料以及卫星云图和雷达回波等遥感资料,从环流形势、强对流不稳定、卫星云图和雷达回波图像演变特征,研究了台风登陆时凉山地区强降雨引起泥石流灾害形成的气象成因,并讨论了应用多普勒雷达回波对局地强降水及泥石流灾害短时临近监测和预报预警的思路。     

西藏高原短临天气预报预警系统构建研究

参考气象信息综合分析处理系统和卫星广域网灾害天气短时临近预报预警系统的界面操作特征,利用现有卫星遥感资料、自动站资料、闪电定位资料、探空资料和常规气象要素资料等观测资料,以及已研制的有关西藏高原的降水预报预警模型、物理统计诊断模型和三维云模式预报模型等,同时考虑西藏高原地区雷达资料应用的地理障碍,设计构建了西藏高原短临天气预报预警系统。通过可视化简单编程指令代码语言环境实现了能集成气象信息综合分析处理系统的信息分析功能、适合西藏高原的短临天气预报预警的实用系统。     

基于VAP方法的多普勒雷达风场反演研究

采用VAP(Velocity Azimuth Processing)方法反演多普勒雷达风矢量场,在利用各个距离圈径向速度随方位角分布的廓线推算风向和风速的设计中,要求基数据速度资料中没有明显的脉动.介绍了在多普勒天气雷达风场反演设计中,直接将方格法的速度资料处理过程融入到方格法风场反演的过程中,利用距离方格内保持中尺度特性的特点,不改变原始资料的同时保证风场反演的正确性.     

皖北地区一次强对流天气过程的综合分析

利用常规和加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及多普勒雷达资料,对2007年8月2日安徽北部地区发生的一次强对流天气过程进行综合分析.结果表明:中低空切变线是此次强对流天气的触发系统,地面湿度突变线对飑线的生成及发展具有指示意义.低层850hPa低涡较强的辐合,与位于高空大风速带入口区右侧的强辐散的耦合作用,导致强对流天气发生区上空生成次级反环流圈.该反环流圈从北(南)方携带干冷(暖湿)气流下沉(上升),两者交汇进而引发强对流天气的发生.在雷达回波上,飑线生成前期,少数单体不连续地排列成线,但并未连通;飑线生成后,带状特征清晰,并且反射率因子大,多处呈现三体钉状散射体;速度回波上有成熟阶段的速度模糊现象以及消亡阶段出现的逆风区.雹暴的回波具有明显的V型缺口以及速度场上风速的辐合,当逼近雷达测站时,测站上空速度场上出现了牛眼结构.     

浙中金华地区“2013.3.20”春季雷暴天气过程研究分析

为了探索春季强对流发生发展的机制,利用常规观测资料、MICAPS资料以及新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,采用天气学诊断方法,对2013年3月20日凌晨发生在浙中金华地区的一次大范围的强雷暴天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)高空槽和地面倒槽是此次强对流天气过程的主要影响系统;(2)高空三层为一致的西南急流,水汽输送强;(3)中低层急流附近存在强的垂直上升运动中心且几乎重合,500hPa到地面存在强的垂直风切变,动力条件好;(4)中低层深厚的暖平流与高层弱冷平流相互作用形成了上干冷、下暖湿的不稳定层结;(5)中层冷空气渗透,促使强对流进一步发展,风暴发展为中-β尺度飑线系统,但前沿无阵风锋产生;(6)飑线南段的超级单体风暴发展为非超级单体强风暴,在雷达图上表现为"弓形"回波,其顶点经过武义站时造成27.4m/s(10级)的瞬时大风;(7)VIL高值维持时间较短,不利于冰雹出现。     

多种探空仪数据处理显示软件设计

探空业务可获取30 km高度范围内的温湿压风等气象要素。气象科学研究和高空大气实验中使用的探空仪及探空系统有多种,其数据格式也各不相同,为便于使用和分析数据,需要一套通用的处理显示软件。系统采用可视化编程工具Visual C++进行软件系统的设计,实现多种探空仪数据的统一格式转换,它基于MFC单文档视图结构,利用绘图函数实现探空气象要素的垂直廓线显示,并建立了基于SQL Server 2008的数据库,通过编程实现了对探空数据的存储和查询等功能。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by