西藏班公湖地区晚白垩世构造体制由挤压向伸展的转换:来自岩浆岩的证据

班公湖蛇绿混杂岩带内分布着一系列小型斜长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长岩岩体,锆石U-Pb年龄分别为97.4±1.1Ma和91.94±0.78Ma,具埃达克质岩特征,高Si O2、Al2O3和Sr,低Y和Yb,Sr/Y35,轻重稀土分异明显,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,Cr和Ni含量很低,推测为玄武质岩浆底侵加厚下地壳部分熔融形成。辉石闪长岩脉分布于南侧日土花岗岩内,推测年龄为80~76Ma,岩石地球化学显示亏损Zr、Hf、Ti、Y等高场强元素,富集大离子亲石元素,且具较高的Sc、Y、Cr、Co、HREE和Mg#值(40),源区为经过熔体交代的上地幔。结合前人资料,本文认为班公湖地区在97~92Ma仍处于持续碰撞造山、地壳加厚过程中;92Ma之后,构造体制从碰撞期的挤压转变为碰撞后的板内伸展;80~76Ma,板内的伸展进一步加剧。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of the Nadingcuo Volcanic Rocks in the Southern Qiangtang Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Partial Melting of Remnant Ocean Crust along the Bangong-Nujiang Suture

<正>The Nadingcuo high-K calc-alkaline rocks mainly composed of trachyte and trachyandesite are the largest outcrop area of volcanic rocks in southern Qiangtang terrane in the Tibetan plateau. However,their exact source and peterogenesis are still debated.~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar and LAM-ICPMS zircon U-Pb isotopic dating confirm that these rocks erupted in Eocene.In addition,the Nadingcuo volcanic rocks are characterized by high Sr/Y content ratios,similar with the adakite derived from partial melting of oceanic crust.They can be further classified as high Mg~#(Mg~#=48-57) and low Mg~# (Mg~#=33-42) subtypes.The Nadingcuo adakitic rocks have relatively low(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i and highε_(Nd)(t), showing a trend of similarity to the Dongcuo ophiolite present in the Bangong-Nujiang oceanic crust. Simple modeling indicates that the Nadingcuo adakitic rocks are a mix resulting from the basalt of Bangong-Nujiang Ocean with 10%-20%crustal material of Lhasa terrane.On these bases we suggest that the low Mg~# Nadingcuo adakitic rocks are the product of partial melting of remnant oceanic crust with small sediment,and the high Mg~# rocks are the result of reaction between rising melt of remnant oceanic crust with subducted sediment and mantle wedge.Therefore,the origin of Nadingcuo adakitic rocks may be related to intracontinental subduction triggered by collision of India-Asia during Cenozoic.     

华北板块北缘东段中三叠世构造演化——来自辽宁法库地区侵入岩的证据

本文对华北板块北缘东段辽宁北部法库地区中三叠世风歧堡岩体和靠陵沟岩体进行了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Lu-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,风歧堡岩体和靠陵沟岩体加权平均年龄分别为（241±1） Ma和（243±1） Ma,侵位时代为中三叠世。风歧堡岩体的Ba和Sr质量分数分别为（290.00×10^-6~484.00×10^-6）和（129.00×10^-6~338.00×10^-6）,Sr/Y值为13.27~28.17,Sr/Yb值为117.50~250.28;靠陵沟岩体具有较高的Ba质量分数（899.00×10^-6~1 300.00×10^-6）和Sr质量分数（772.00×10^-6~997.00×10^-6）,以及较高的Sr/Y值（67.47~78.21）和Sr/Yb值（661.81~781.32）,Y、Rb和Yb质量分数较低,分别为11.00×10^-6~14.70×10^-6、55.80×10^-6~78.40×10^-6、1.17×10^-6~1.39×10^-6,地球化学特征上具有高Ba-Sr花岗岩的特征。此外,凤歧堡岩体样品富集大离子亲石元素Rb和K,亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti和大离子亲石元素Ba;靠陵沟岩体样品富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti。凤歧堡和靠陵沟岩体样品Nb/Ta值（4.18~10.26）和Zr/Hf值（30.39~38.76）与地壳平均值相近,Ni、Co和Cr质量分数较低;岩石地球化学特征表明法库地区中三叠世花岗质岩浆源岩为壳源岩石。中三叠世—晚三叠世早期,华北板块北缘东段处于造山地壳加厚阶段。研究区中三叠世花岗岩的ε_Hf（t）值均为正值,亏损地幔二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）为949~555 Ma,结合岩石地球化学特征,中三叠世花岗质岩浆源岩为造山地壳加厚过程中新元古代新生下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

Island-arc and Active Continental Margin Adakites from the Sabzevar Zone,Iran

Cretaceous to Eocene plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Sabzevar zone have an adakite characteristic with high Sr/Y ratio, depleted HFSE and enriched LILE features. Most of the Sabzevar adakites are high silica adakites with low Ni, Cr and Co contents. LREE/HREE ratio is high, while K₂O content is low to intermediate. Adakites in the Sabzevar zone are exposed in two areas, which are named southern and northern adakites here. The combination of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic data with major and trace elements indicates that the adakitic rocks are formed by partial melting of the Sabzevar oceanic slab. Nb/Ta content of the samples indicates that the adakitic magmas were generated at different depth in the subduction system. Dy/Yb ratios of adakitic samples indicate positive, negative and roughly flat patterns for different samples, suggesting garnet and amphibole as residual phases during slab-derived adakitic magma formation. Sabzevar adakites emplaced during late to post-kinematic events. Sabzevar oceanic basin demised during a northward subduction by central Iranian micro-continents (CIM) and Eurasia plate convergence.     

Comparison of petrology and isotope geochemistry of the Bulka peridotite–gabbro massif and granitoids of the Kyzykchadra complex (West Sayan)

The study provides new petrologic and isotope geochemical data for rocks of the 465 ± 5 Ma Bulka massif (Borodina et al., 2011). The primary amphibole from granitoid stocks cutting across the layered series of the massif yielded an Ar–Ar age of 415.9 ± 3.7 Ma. The rocks of the Bulka massif have ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio of 0.513243 and εNd (Т) values of +12.00. The granitoids have ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios between 0.512919 and 0.512961 and εNd (Т) values between +8.03 and +9.25. The Nd isotope composition indicates that the rocks of the Bulka massif and granitoids were derived from a depleted mantle source. Depletion of the rocks of the massif in LILE, LREE, and HFSE over LILE is inherited from the mantle source, which has geochemical signatures of N-MORB and subduction-related components. Granitoids are metaluminous I-type granites, which were probably generated either by differentiation of intermediate to mafic mantle-derived magmas or by melting of metabasites. The rocks of the granitoid stocks are characterized by enrichment in LILE and LREE and depletion in HFSE over LILE, which suggests derivation from arc-related parental magmas.     

巴颜喀拉沉积盆地基底为扬子地台西缘的一部分：来自花岗岩的证据

侵入于巴颜喀拉沉积盆地中的扎加岩体，主要由高钾钙碱性的黑云母花岗岩组成，并出现有具岩浆结构的暗色微粒包体。花岗岩富集轻稀土（LREE）及大离子亲石元素（LILE），相对亏损重稀土（HREE）和高场强元素（HFSE），具Eu负异常（0．5～0．7）、较低的εNd（t）值（-3．5～-6．2）和中等的（^87Sr／^86Sr）初始比值（0．7088～0．7090），它们的亏损地幔Nd模式年龄tDM在1．1～1．3Ga之间。与寄主花岗岩相比，闪长质暗色微粒包体具有较低的SiO2，更低的Eu负异常（0．2～0．4）和εNd（t）值（-4．7～-6．1），更高的（^87Sr／^86Sr）初始比（0．7084～0．7124），以及稍老的tDM（1．4Ga）。岩石的地球化学资料表明，扎加花岗岩是在碰撞后构造环境下幔源岩浆上涌诱发下地壳岩石部分熔融的产物，其物源可能是苦海杂岩和万宝沟岩群的混合物。巴颜喀拉沉积盆地下面存在中元古代的基底，属于扬子地台西缘的一部分     

Early‐Cretaceous Syenites and Granites in the Northeastern Tengchong Block,SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Whole-rock major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, together with zircon LA ICPMS in-situ U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of the syenites and granites in the Tengchong Block are reported in order to understand their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Zircon U-Pb data gives the emplacement ages of ca. 115.3±0.9 Ma for syenites and 115.7±0.8 Ma for granites, respectively. The syenites are characterized by low SiO_2 content(62.01–63.03 wt%) and notably high Na_2O content(7.04–7.24 wt%) and Na_2O/K_2O ratios(2.02–2.10), low MgO, Fe_2O_3 T and TiO_2, enrichment of LILEs(large-ion lithophile element) such as Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb) and obvious depletion HFSE(high field strength element; e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) with clearly negative Eu anomalies(d Eu=0.53–0.56). They also display significant negative whole-rock εNd(t) values of-6.8 and zircon εHf(t) values(-9.11 to-0.27, but one is +5.30) and high initial ~(87) Sr/~(86) Sr=0.713013. Based on the data obtained in this study, we suggest that the ca. 115.3 Ma syenites were possibly derived from a sodium-rich continental crustal source, and the fractionation of some ferro-magnesian mineral and plagioclase might occur during the evolution of magma. The granites have high SiO_2 content(71.35–74.47 wt%), metaluminous to peraluminous, low Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr, and Al_2O_3/(MgO+FeOT+TiO_2) ratios and moderate(Al_2O_3+MgO+FeOT+TiO_2) content. They show low initial ~(87) Sr/~(86) Sr(0.703408 to 0.704241) and εNd(t) values(-3.8 to-3.5), plotted into the evolutionary trend between basalts and lower crust. Hence, we suggest that the granites were derived from the melting of mixing sources in the ancient continental crust involving some metabasaltic materials and predominated metasedimentary greywackes. Together with data in the literatures, we infer that the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tengchong block was dominated by magmas generated by the partial melting of ancient crustal material, which represent the products that associated to the closure of Bangong-Nujiang Meso-Tethys.     

西昆仑早古生代岩浆弧大同岩体中埃达克质岩石的成因及地质意义

大同岩体位于西昆仑柯冈-库地-其曼于特和麻扎-康西瓦两条蛇绿混杂岩带之间。为进一步了解西昆仑早古生代岩浆弧中某些具体岩石类型、岩浆产生机理、地质意义及成因联系,本文从岩相学、主微量元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素等方面,对大同岩体中和外围新发现的埃达克质岩石进行了研究。埃达克质岩石由石英二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩两种岩性组成,呈独立的岩体和大同主岩体中的脉体两种产状,高硅(w(SiO₂)≥60.34%)、高铝(w(Al₂O₃)≥14.73%)、富碱(w(K₂O+Na₂O)≥6.40%)、低镁(w(MgO)≤2.35%),以及高锶(w(Sr)≥504×10^-6)、低钇(w(Y)≤17.20×10^-6)和高Sr/Y(平均为70.88),富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,不同程度负Eu异常及Ta、Nb、P和Ti亏损。锆石U-Pb测年显示,埃达克质岩石年龄为(443.6±1.4)~(462.0±1.0)Ma,与大同主岩体的形成年龄相当。锆石ε_Hf(t)为-7.28~4.56(平均-0.84),我们认为埃达克质岩石是由原特提斯洋洋壳及部分洋壳之上的陆源沉积物向南俯冲过程中,发生部分熔融形成的熔体上升过程中与地幔楔橄榄岩反应,最后定位于地壳浅层的结果。通过与大同岩体主岩体对比,对早古生代岩浆弧的形成和演化有了更深入的了解。     

Lithogeochemical,Re–Os and U–Pb Geochronological,Hf–Lu and S–Pb Isotope Data of the Ga'erqiong‐Galale Cu–Au Ore‐Concentrated Area: Evidence for the Late Cretaceous Magmatism and Metallogenic Event in the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture Zone,Northwestern Tibet,China

The Ga'erqiong‐Galale skarn–porphyry copper–gold ore‐concentrated area is located in the western part of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone north of the Lhasa Terrane. This paper conducted a systematic study on the magmatism and metallogenic effect in the ore‐concentrated area using techniques of isotopic geochronology, isotopic geochemistry and lithogeochemistry. According to the results, the crystallization age of quartz diorite (ore‐forming mother rock) in the Ga'erqiong deposit is 87.1 ± 0.4 Ma, which is later than the age of granodiorite (ore‐forming mother rock) in the Galale deposit (88.1 ± 1.0 Ma). The crystallization age of granite porphyry (GE granite porphyry) in the Ga'erqiong deposit is 83.2 ± 0.7 Ma, which is later than the age of granite porphyry (GL granite porphyry) in the Galale deposit (84.7 ± 0.8 Ma).The quartz diorite, granodiorite, GE granite porphyry and GL granite porphyry both main shows positive ε_Hf(t) values, suggesting that the magmatic source of the main intrusions in the ore‐concentrated area has the characteristics of mantle source region. The Re–Os isochron age of molybdenite in the Ga'erqiong district is 86.9 ± 0.5 Ma, which is later than the mineralization age of the Galale district (88.6 ± 0.6 Ma). The main intrusive rocks in the ore‐concentrated area have similar lithogeochemical characteristics, for they both show the relative enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements(LILE: Rb, Ba, K, etc.), more mobile highly incompatible lithophile elements(HILE: U, Th) and relatively depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, etc.), and show the characteristics of magmatic arc. The studies on the metal sulfides' S and Pb isotopes and Re content of molybdenite indicate that the metallogenic materials of the deposits in the ore‐concentrated area mainly come from the mantle source with minor crustal source contamination. Based on the regional tectonic evolution process, this paper points out that the Ga'erqiong‐Galale copper–gold ore‐concentrated area is the typical product of the Late Cretaceous magmatism and metallogenic event in the collision stage of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone.     

Trace element and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) arguments for a mid-crustal origin of Pan-African garnet-bearing S-type granites from the Damara orogen (Namibia)

Geochronological data, major and trace element abundances, Nd and Sr isotope ratios, δ¹⁸O whole rock values and Pb isotope ratios from leached feldspars are presented for garnet-bearing granites (locality at Oetmoed and outcrop 10 km north of Omaruru) from the Damara Belt (Namibia). For the granites from outcrop 10 km N′ Omaruru, reversely discordant U–Pb monazite data give ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U ages of 511±2 Ma and 517±2 Ma, similar to previously published estimates for the time of regional high grade metamorphism in the Central Zone. Based on textural and compositional variations, garnets from these granites are inferred to be refractory residues from partial melting in the deep crust. Because P–T estimates from these xenocrystic garnets are significantly higher (800°C/9–10 kbar) than regional estimates (700°C/5 kbar), the monazite ages are interpreted to date the peak of regional metamorphism in the source of the granites. Sm–Nd garnet–whole rock ages are between 500 and 490 Ma indicating the age of extraction of the granites from their deep crustal sources. For the granites from Oetmoed, both Sm–Nd and Pb–Pb ages obtained on igneous garnets range from 500 to 490 Ma. These ages are interpreted as emplacement ages and are significantly younger than the previously proposed age of 520 Ma for these granites based on Rb/Sr whole rock age determinations. Major and trace element compositions indicate that the granites are moderately to strongly peraluminous S-type granites. High initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (>0.716), high δ¹⁸O values of >13.8‰, negative initial _Nd values between −4 and −7 and evolved Pb isotope ratios indicate formation of the granites by anatexis of mid-crustal rocks similar to the exposed metapelites into which they intruded. The large range of Pb isotope ratios and the lack of correlation between Pb isotope ratios and Nd and Sr isotope ratios indicate heterogeneity of the involved crustal rocks. Evidence for the involvement of isotopically highly evolved lower crust is scarce and the influence of a depleted mantle component is unlikely. The crustal heating events that produced these granites might have been caused by crustal thickening and thrusting of crustal sheets enriched in heat-producing elements. Very limited fluxing of volatiles from underthrust low- to medium-grade metasedimentary rocks may have also been a factor in promoting partial melting. Furthermore, delamination of the lithospheric mantle and uprise of hot mantle could have caused localized high-T regions. The presence of coeval A-type granites at Oetmoed that have been derived at least in part from a mantle source supports this model.     

Geochemistry of Early Devonian rocks of the Sakmara zone,South Urals

This paper reports first isotope–geochemical data on the Early Devonian magmatic rocks of the Chanchar potassic mafic volcanoplutonic complex of the Sakmara zone of the South Urals. The incompatible element distribution and ratios indicate that the rocks of the volcanic, subvolcanic, and intrusive facies are comagmatic and were derived from a common source. The low HFSE concentrations relative to MORB and relatively low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios suggest that primary melts were generated from a moderately depleted mantle. The LILE enrichment of the rocks indicates a flux of mantle fluid in the primary magma during its evolution.     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Tongshankou and Yinzu Adakitic Intrusive Rocks and the Associated Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Mineralization in Southeast Hubei, East China

Abstract. The late Jurassic Tongshankou and Yinzu plutons in southeast Hubei have been investigated for their contrasting metal mineralization features. The former is closely associated with porphyry Cu‐Mo mineralization, while the latter is barren of metal mineralization, althouth both are located very close to each other. The Tongshankou granodiorite porphyries and the Yinzu granodiorites are geochemically similar to adakites, e.g., high Al₂O₃ and Sr contents and La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, enriched in Na₂O, depleted in Y and Yb, very weak Eu anomalies and positive Sr anomalies. However, different geochemi‐cal characteristics exist between the two plutons: the Tongshankou adakitic rocks (1) are relatively enriched in SiO₂, K₂O, MgO, Cr, Ni, and Sr and depleted in Y and Yb; (2) have higher degree REE differentiation; (3) have positive Eu anomalies in contrast with very weak negative or unclear Eu anomalies in the Yinzu rocks; and (4) isotopically have relatively higher eP_Nd(t) values (‐5.19 to ‐5.38) and lower initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7060 to 0.7062), while the Yinzu adakitic rocks have relatively lower eP_Nd(t) values (‐7.22 to ‐8.67) and higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7065 to 0.7074). The trace element and isotopic data demonstrate that the Tongshankou adakitic rocks were most probably originated from partial melting of delaminated lower crust with garnet being the main residual mineral whereas little or no plagioclase in the source. On the contrary, the Yinzu adakitic rocks were likely derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust, with residual garnet and a small quantity of plagioclase and hornblende in the source. Interactions between the adakitic magmas and mantle peridotites possibly took place during the ascent of the Tongshankou adakitic magmas through the mantle, considering that MgO, Cr, and Ni contents and eP_Nd(t) values of the adakitic magmas were possibly elevated and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were possibly lowered due to the contamination of mantle peridotites. In addition, the Fe₂O₃ of the adakitic magmas was likely released into the mantle and the oxygen fugacities (?_o2) of the latter were obviously possibly raised, which made metallic sulfide in the mantle oxidized and the chalcophile elements such as Cu were incorporated into the adakitic magmas. The ascent of the adakitic magmas enriched in Cu and Mo will lead to the formation of porphyry Cu‐Mo deposit. Nevertheless, the Yinzu adakitic magmas were possibly lack of metallogenetic materials due to not interacting with mantle peridotite, and thus unfavorable to metal mineralization.     

东天山阿拉塔格花岗岩体地球化学特征及其构造意义

位于中天山地块南缘大黑山地区的阿拉塔格花岗岩体,岩性主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、似斑状花岗岩组成,岩石具有高硅(w（SiO₂）为66.29%~77.47%)、富碱(w（Na₂O+K₂O）为6.75%~9.93%)、高铝(w（Al₂O₃）为10.97%~14.40%)、低Sr(w（Sr）为（28.78~153.00）×10^-6,平均为99.23×10^-6)、低Ti（w（TiO₂）为0.09％~0.77％）的特征。岩石的A/CNK值为1.19~1.50,为钙碱性过铝质岩石;岩石Eu亏损（δEu＝0.19~0.51）、LREE富集(LREE/HREE= 6.80~8.45,(La/Yb)_N= 6.06~9.03),明显富集Rb、Th、K、Hf(Zr) 等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE);岩石的Ba含量较低,并具有明显的Sr负异常。结合区域地质特征,通过岩石的地球化学和Sr、Nd同位素综合分析,认为该花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境,且为壳幔混源的岩浆多期次侵位的复合岩体。     

Zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb Age, Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Compositions and Geochemistry of the Triassic Post-collisional Wulong Adakitic Granodiorite in the South Qinling, Central China, and Its Petrogenesis

The Indosinian post-collisional Wulong pluton intruded into the Mesoproterozoic Fuping Group, South Qinling, central China. In the southern part of the pluton, some mafic enclaves have sharp or gradational contact relationships with the host biotite granodiorite. Geochemistry, zircon LA-ICP MS （laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry） U-Pb chronology and Sr- Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the pluton are reported in this paper. The biotite granodiorite shows close compositional similarities to high-silica adakite. Its chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by strong HREE depletion （Yb = 0.33--0.96 10-6 and Y = 4.77-11.19 ×10^-6）, enrichment of Ba （775-1386 x 10-6） and Sr （643-1115 × 10^-6） and high Sr/Y （57.83-159.99） and Y/Yb （10.99-14.32） ratios, as well as insignificant Eu anomalies （6Eu = 0.70-0.83）, suggesting a feldspar-poor, garnet±amphibole-rich residual mineral assemblage. The mafic enclaves have higher MgO （4.15- 8.13%）, Cr （14.79-371.31 × 10-6）, Ni （20.00-224.24× 10^-6） and Nb/Ta （15.42-21.91） than the host granodiorite, implying that they are mantle-derived and might represent underplated mafic magma. Zircon LA-ICP MS dating of the granodiorite yields a ^206pb/^238U weighted mean age of 208±2 Ma （MSWD=0.50, 1σ）, which is the age of emplacement of the host biotite granodiorite. This age indicates that the Wulong pluton formed during the late-orogenic or post-collisional stage （〈242±21 Ma） of the South Qinling belt. The host biotite granodiorite displays ^87Sr/^86Sr = 0.7059-0.7062, Isr = 0.7044-- 0.7050,^143Nd/^144Nd = 0.51236-0.51238, εNd（t）= -2.26 to -2.66 to ^206Pb/^204pb = 18.099-18.209, ^207pb/^204pb = 15.873-15.979 and ^208pb/^204pb = 38.973-39.430. Those ratios are similar to those of the Mesoproterozoic Yaolinghe Group in the South Qinling. Furthermore, its Nd isotopic model age （-1.02 Ga） is consistent with the age （-1.1 Ga） of the Yaolinghe Group. Based on the integrated geological and ge     

Mafic dykes derived from Early Cretaceous depleted mantle beneath the Dabie orogenic belt: implications for changing lithosphere mantle beneath Eastern China

SHRIMP zircon U–Pb geochronological, elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic data from Early Cretaceous mafic dykes in North Dabie orogenic belt elucidate a change of Mesozoic lithospheric mantle in eastern China. The dykes are predominantly dolerite with the major mineral assemblage clinopyroxene + hornblende + plagioclase and yield a SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 111.6 ± 5.3 Ma. They have a narrow range of SiO₂ from 46.16% to 49.78%, and relative low concentrations of K₂O (1.07−2.62%), Na₂O (2.45−3.54%), Al₂O₃ (13.04−14.07%), and P₂O₅ (0.42−0.55%) but relatively high concentration of MgO (5.94–6.61%) with Mg^# 52–54. All the samples are characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g., Ba, Th) and high field strength elements (HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ti). (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios from 0.704 to 0.705, ε_Nd values from 3.36 to 4.33 and mantle‐depletion Nd model ages (T_2DM) in the range 0.56–0.64 Ga indicate that the magma of the Baiyashan mafic dykes was derived from a young depleted mantle source. This finding is different from previous research on mafic dykes in the age range 120–138 Ma that revealed enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE, high initial Sr isotopic ratios and negative ε_Nd, value which represents an old enriched mantle source. Ours is the first report of the existence of Early Cretaceous depleted mantle in eastern China and it implies that changing of enriched mantle to depleted mantle occurred at ca. 112 Ma, associated with back‐arc extension which resulted from the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate towards the Asian Continent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the West Kunlun Mountains：New Constraint from the North Kueda Pluton

Systematic geochemical studies have been conducted on the North Küda Pluton, West Kunlun, in order to reveal its petrogenesis and tectonic implications. The North Küda Pluton is a potassium-rich (K₂O>5.4wt% ) I-type granitic pluton and does not contain any alkaline ferromagnesian mineral. Its relatively high REE, LILE (e.g. Rb, Cs, U and Th) and HFSE (e. g. Nb, Zr) contents make it very akin to the A-type granites. Its heterogeneous Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.7049∼0.7098) and Nd (εNd_T= −1.05∼−4.04) isotope compositions preclude the possibility of a pure sedimentary or igneous source. Instead, its geochemical compositions suggest that it may be derived from partial melting of a complex source, which consists of igneous and sedimentary rocks. Its intraplate characteristics, together with coeval mafic dykes, indicate an extensional environment at the end of Caledonian. The recognition of the extensional event does not support a continuous subduction-accretion model for the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Mountains. On the contrary, it provides new evidence for the twostage island-arc model.     

Early Cretaceous adakitic granites in the Northern Dabie Complex, central China: Implications for partial melting and delamination of thickened lower crust

To date, few adakitic rocks have been reported in direct association with contemporary intra-continental extensional structures, which has cast doubt on genetic models involving partial melting of the lower crust. This study presents Early Cretaceous (143-129 Ma, new Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U-Pb ages) adakitic granites, which are directly associated with a contemporary metamorphic core complex (i.e., the Northern Dabie Complex in the Dabie area). These granites exhibit relatively high Sr contents, negligible to positive Eu and Sr anomalies, high La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, but very low Yb and Y contents, similar to subducted oceanic crust-derived adakites. They are also characterized, however, by very low MgO or Mg^# and Ni values, and Nd-Sr isotope compositions (ε_Nd(t) = −14.6 to −19.4 and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7067-0.7087) similar to Triassic continent-derived eclogites subducted in the Dabie-Sulu Orogen. Additionally, late granitic dikes in the adakitic intrusions exhibit low Sr contents, clearly negative Eu and Sr anomalies, low La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, but relatively high Yb and Y contents, similar to 118-105 Ma granites in the Northern Dabie Complex. Based on composition and geochronology data of Neoproterozoic amphibolites and orthogneisses, Triassic high- to ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks, and Early Cretaceous mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks, and the constraints provided by experimental melt data for tonalites, metabasaltic rocks and eclogites, we suggest that the adakitic granites were most probably generated by partial melting of thickened amphibole or rutile-bearing eclogitic lower crust as a consequence of Triassic-Middle Jurassic subduction and thrusting. The late dikes probably originated from plagioclase-bearing intermediate granulites. Moreover, we suggest that late Mesozoic delamination or foundering of thickened eclogitic lower crust is also a more plausible mechanism for the petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks in the Dabie area, and probably involved partial melting of a mixed source comprising eclogitic lower crust that had delaminated or foundered into upper lithospheric or asthenospheric mantle peridotite. Asthenospheric upwelling in response to post-collisional delamination of lithospheric mantle was likely to have provided the heat source for the Cretaceous magmatism.     

Chronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of the Hadamiao Granodiorite on the Northern Margin of the North China Platform

<正>The Hadamiao granodiorite,located on the northern margin of the North China platform and acting as the country rock of gold deposits in the Hadamiao region,was formed in the same age and similar tectonic settings with the Hadamiao gold deposit and the large-scale Bilihe gold deposit in the same area.By using the LA-ICP-MS method,the U-Pb age obtained is 267±1.3 Ma,which represents the crystallized age of the granodiorite,and that of the xenolithic zircon is 442.8±5 Ma. Base on the main elements,it exhibits the features of calc-alkaline to high-potassium calc-alkaline series,low silicon,and quasi-aluminous I-type granites,and with high magnesium(Mg~#=0.45-0.57) and high sodium contents(Na_2O/K_2O=0.98-2.29).The SREE values(81.6-110.15 ppm) are relatively low,the fractionations between LREE and HREE are obvious,showing a right-inclined dispersion in the REE distribution diagram.Compared with the primitive mantle,the rock is relatively rich in LREE(La and Ce),LILE(K,Sr,and Th),and intensively depleted in HFSE(Ti,P,Nb and Ta).The ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)_N and the contents of Rb,Nb and Y are relatively low,the Sr values are high (436.35-567.26 ppm),and the Yb contents of most samples are low(1.25-1.8),which indicate the features of typical continental margin arc and adakitic rocks.According to the values ofε_(Nd)(t)(-2.4 to +0.2) and I_(Sr)(0.7028-0.7083),and variations of the La/Sm ratios,the Hadamiao granodiorite was formed from mixing of the thickened molten lower crust and the mantle wedge substances.The rock was related to the southward subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asia Ocean in the Late Paleozoic, being Late Paleozoic magma of the continental margin arc formed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic accretion complexes,and showing a trend of turning into adakitic rocks,which indicates their great metallogenic(Au) potential.     

南秦岭勉略带北光头山花岗岩体群的成因及其构造意义

南秦岭勉略带北部花岗岩体从闪长岩到花岗闪长岩和花岗岩变化,反映了钙碱性岩岩石组合特征,矿物组成以长石、石英、黑云母和少量角闪石为主,副矿物有锆石、磷灰石、磁铁矿和榍石,岩石化学上它们相对高K、Sr,Zr／Y比值较高,富集LEE和LILE,贫化HFSE,与后碰撞富钾钙碱性I型花岗岩特征一致。此外,它们明显亏损Nb、Ta,低Y、Yb和有较高的 LaN／YbN和Sr／Y比值,多数岩体发育淬冷岩浆结构的暗色闪长质微粒包体,包体与寄主花岗岩的稀土及微量元素存在明显差异,证明它们是地壳增厚背景下,可能由下部地壳拆沉作用导致的分别来自幔源和下部地壳熔融的二元岩浆混合演化的产物。个别高分异岩体的Fetot／Mg比值高、明显亏损Sr、Ba、Ti、P,呈现了向强分异A型花岗岩过渡的后碰撞富钾过铝偏碱性花岗岩特征。因此,结合西部岩体形成年代早于东部岩体分析,西部形成时代较早偏中基性的含有大量闪长质微粒包体的岩体代表了早期下部地壳拆沉作用的发生,东部形成较晚分异程度高的高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩体的出现指示了南、北两大陆块碰撞汇聚后向伸展的转折,而更晚期高度分异的姜家坪富钾花岗岩体的出现则表明秦岭造山带已进入主碰撞结束期的伸展拉张演化阶段,并预示了新的板内演化期的到来。     

Timing,petrogenesis, and setting of granites from the southern Beishan late Palaeozoic granitic belt,Northwest China and implications for their tectonic evolution

Late Palaeozoic granites are widely distributed in the southeastern Beishan area, which is located in the central part of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). U–Pb zircon dates of five late Palaeozoic granitic plutons from the southeastern Beishan area yield Permian ages: 285 ± 2 Ma (Shuwojing and Western Shuwojing plutons), 269 ± 3 Ma (Jianquanzi and Jiuquandihongshan plutons), and 260 ± 1 Ma (Jiujing pluton). The early Permian Shuwojing pluton, an unfractionated calc-alkaline biotite monzogranite with slightly positive εNd(t) (+0.7 and +0.6) and low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70722 and 0.70712), and the early Permian Western Shuwojing pluton, a high-K calc-alkaline biotite granite with slightly negative εNd(t) (?0.2 and ?0.1) and low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70390 and 0.70919), are likely derived from a mixture of depleted (juvenile) mantle and upper continental crustal (or sedimentary) material. The mid-Permian Jianquanzi and Jiuquandihongshan monzogranites have highly fractionated potassium-rich calc-alkaline characteristics with negative εNd(t) (?4.3) and very high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.71949), reflecting a continental crustal component. The compositionally diverse Jiujing pluton and the granodiorite and high-Sr monzogranite phases display adakite-like compositions with relatively low εNd(t) (?0.1 and ?2.2) and high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70822 and 0.70913). The Jiujing low-Sr monzogranite has higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.73464) and lower εNd(t) (?2.8), indicating a significant continental crustal component in its genesis. This work, combined with the regional geology and previous studies, suggest that the early to middle Permian southern Beishan plutons formed in a post-collisional environment, probably an intracontinental rift environment linked to asthenospheric upwelling in response to the break-off of a subducted slab. In the late Permian, the southern Beishan area was in a compressive tectonic regime and thickening of the continental crust resulted in the formation of the Jiujing adakite-like granite.