天津地铁5号线与交叉线路GPS控制点的衔接

分析GPS网三维无约束平差和二维约束平差的理论模型,根据GPS网三维无约束平差和二维约束平差的特性,对地铁5号线GPS网平差结果和交叉线路的GPS控制点较差进行了对比分析,并给出地铁5号线与交叉线路平面控制衔接的合理解决方案。     

一种高精度GPS基线网平差及软件研制

针对高精度GPS基线向量网平差所涉及的理论技术问题,系统地论述了GPS基线向量网平差的流程,着重研究讨论了基线协方差、抗差估计、系统参数、基准模型等在GPS基线网平差中的应用,最后介绍了基于上述理论方法所编的高精度GPS基线向量网平差软件HPGPSADJ1.0,通过解算实例,与精密水准结果相比较,分析讨论软件解算精度。     

GPS静态相对定位技术在城市区域控制测量中的应用

以泰安市泰山区为例,介绍了GPS静态相对定位技术在新建控制网测量中的应用,讨论了用GPS静态相对定位技术建立城市区域控制网的方法,指出了在GPS测量中应注意的问题。基线解算和网平差方面,进行了三维无约束平差计算和二维约束平差,分析了城市GPS区域控制网所能达到的精度。在GPS网三维无约束平差的基础上,结合人工干预的方法剔除误差,使之可以达到更高等级GPS网的测量精度要求,能够满足城市建设和城市规划的测量成果的需求。     

GPS变形监测网平差基准的统一及对位移场的影响

变形监测的基准是变形分析的基础,其将直接影响变形分析的结果.GPS变形监测网作为常用的变形监测基准之一,其平差基准的选取同样十分重要.基于此,本文推导出了GPS变形监测网平差的统一模型,在平差的同时实现基准的统一,避免引入系统误差而影响变形分析结果.并结合实例说明GPS变形监测网平差基准对位移场的影响.     

数据时效性对多系统实时PPP的影响分析

针对服务器端和客户端的数据时效性问题,该文系统地分析了服务器端状态空间表示(SSR)改正数更新时间间隔和客户端观测值数据及SSR改正数中断对实时精密单点定位(PPP)的影响。实验结果表明:服务器端播发SSR改正数的时间间隔在30s以内,GPS+GLONASS+BDS、GPS+GLONASS和GPS实时PPP定位可获得厘米级定位精度,同时SSR改正数的播发时间间隔对GPS+GLONASS+BDS、GPS+GLONASS和GPS实时PPP定位影响无明显差异;客户端SSR改正数中断时长在150s以内,GPS+GLONASS+BDS、GPS+GLONASS和GPS实时PPP定位可获得厘米级定位精度,改正数中断360s可获得亚米级定位精度,单系统较多系统受SSR改正数中断的影响较大;观测值连续中断16min时,实时PPP需要重新收敛。     

GPS网先验误差的选择与加权配置

分析了先验误差对于GPS网平差的意义 ,指出先验误差的计算及确定的一些方法 ;最后说明如何在GPS网平差中进行加权配置。     

机载GPS无人机数据的应急处理框架试验研究

介绍了快速无人机拼图、机载GPS无人机自由网平差、机载GPS无人机附加参数(相机自检校)的光束法区域网平差、机载GPS无人机辅助数据的联合平差和大重叠度的无人机三维点云和三维数字地表模型(DSM)的制作等5种机载GPS无人机应急处理关键技术,通过试验效率和方法性能分析,提出基于机载GPS无人机数据应急处理框架,可为城市无人机应急体系建设提供参考。     

GPS网平程序设计

详细介绍了GPS三维网平差的原理，分析了程序设计的数学模型，并根据此模型利用C#程序语言开发了GPS网平差工具软件包，应用此软件包解算实测的GPS网，验证了软件包的实用性。     

GPS控制网优化设计与数据处理

论述了GPS控制网精度估算、可靠性分析、敏感度分析、优化设计、坐标系统转换、不同坐标系转换中的误差表示及其换算等方面的理论与方法,介绍了GPS网条件检核、三维平差、二维平差、高程拟合等GPS数据处理过程中所要注意的问题及其解决方法。     

顾及曝光延迟的无人机GPS辅助光束法平差方法

现有GPS辅助光束法区域网平差方法没有顾及无人机进行摄影测量参与作业的情况。针对相机的曝光延迟误差影响不一致而导致实际平差结果较理论估值低的问题,本文探讨了曝光延迟产生的机理并分析曝光延迟对GPS辅助光束法平差的影响,提出了一种顾及曝光延迟的GPS辅助光束法平差方法。通过采用不同控制点个数及布设方案,对一套包含142张无人机影像数据进行试验分析,验证了该方法的有效性。该方法的研究意义在于可以在传统GPS辅助光束法平差方法的基础上进一步提高空三加密精度。     

一种基于噪声统计特性的改进EMD降噪方法

GPS高程时间序列中通常都含有噪声，容易对GPS信号解算精度造成影响。针对这一问题，本文基于噪声统计特性，提出了一种改进的EMD降噪方法。首先将信号进行EMD分解，得到低频信号与高频噪声两个部分；然后将高频噪声部分随机打乱两次，并与原始高频噪声累加，求取平均值；最后与低频信号累加，构成一个新的信号再次进行EMD分解，提取出有用信号。最终利用模拟数据和WUHN站实测GPS高程时间序列数据对该方法进行验证。试验结果表明，当信噪比较高时，本文方法得到的降噪效果更佳。     

Absolute phase center corrections of satellite and receiver antennas

Results of the estimation of azimuth-dependent phase center variations (PCVs) of GPS satellite antennas using global GPS data are presented. Significant variations of up to ±3–4 mm that are demonstrated show excellent repeatability over eight years. The application of the azimuthal PCVs besides the nadir-dependent ones will lead to a further reduction in systematic antenna effects. In addition, the paper focuses on the benefit of a possible transition from relative to absolute PCVs. Apart from systematic changes in the global station coordinates, one can expect the GPS results to be less dependent on the elevation cut-off angle. This, together with the significant reduction of tropospheric zenith delay biases between GPS and VLBI, stands for an important step toward more consistency between different space geodetic techniques.     

Integrating GPS and GLONASS to accelerate convergence and initialization times of precise point positioning

The main challenge of dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) is that it requires about 30 min to obtain centimeter-level accuracy or to succeed in the first ambiguity-fixing. Currently, PPP is generally conducted with GPS only using the ionosphere-free combination. We adopt a single-differenced (SD) between-satellite PPP model to combine the GPS and GLONASS raw dual-frequency carrier phase measurements, in which the GPS satellite with the highest elevation is selected as the reference satellite to form the SD between-satellite measurements. We use a 7-day data set from 178 IGS stations to investigate the contribution of GLONASS observations to both ambiguity-float and ambiguity-fixed SD PPP solutions, in both kinematic and static modes. In ambiguity-fixed PPP, we only attempt to fix GPS integer ambiguities, leaving GLONASS ambiguities as float values. Numerous experimental results show that PPP with GLONASS and GPS requires much less convergence time than that of PPP with GPS alone. For ambiguity-float PPP, the average convergence time can be reduced by 45.9 % from 22.9 to 12.4 min in static mode and by 57.9 % from 40.6 to 17.7 min in kinematic mode, respectively. For ambiguity-fixed PPP, the average time to the first-fixed solution can be reduced by 27.4 % from 21.6 to 15.7 min in static mode and by 42.0 % from 34.4 to 20.0 min in kinematic mode, respectively. Experimental results also show that the less the GPS satellites are used in float PPP, the more significant is the reduction in convergence time when adding GLONASS observations. In addition, on average, more than 4 GLONASS satellites can be observed for most 2-h observation sessions. Nearly, the same improvement in convergence time reduction is achieved for those observations.     

小波函数在变形监测数据降噪中的应用

利用计算机仿真技术,在加入人为噪声的基础上,采用小波函数对仿真数据进行降噪处理验证。测试过程中采用全局阈值和分层阈值的方式,分析降噪后能量成分和方差,比较两种阈值的降噪效果,并得出结论:小波分析在数据降噪方向有很明显优势,而且分层降噪的效果更好,将其应用到GPS变形监测的降噪处理中,取得了很好的效果,为GPS后续处理提供了数据保障。     

Filtering GPS time-series using a Vondrak filter and cross-validation

Multipath disturbance is one of the most important error sources in high-accuracy global positioning system (GPS) positioning and navigation. A new data filtering method, based on the Vondrak filter and the technique of cross-validation, is developed for separating signals from noise in data series, and applied to mitigate GPS multipath effects in applications such as deformation monitoring. Both simulated data series and real GPS observations are used to test the proposed method. It is shown that the method can be used to successfully separate signals from noise at different noise levels, and for varying signal frequencies as long as the noise level is lower than the magnitude of the signals. A multipath model can be derived, based on the current-day GPS observations, with the proposed method and used to remove multipath errors in subsequent days of GPS observations when taking advantage of the sidereal day-to-day repeating characteristics of GPS multipath signals. Tests have shown that the reduction in the root mean square (RMS) values of the GPS errors ranges from 20% to 40% when the method is applied.     

多传感器与道路网数据用于汽车导航的研究

对车载导航系统中GPS接收机，车论计数器和电子罗盘传感器数据与导航电子地图所提供的道路网络数据进行了综合处理，建立了道路网络数据的网络拓扑关系，在此基础上提出了基于道路网络拓扑关系，利用GPS接收机，车轮计数器和电子罗盘传感器对汽车进行实时定位的算法。最后，对导航中汽车的定位误差进行了分析。实验证明，GPS接收机，车轮计数器和电子罗盘传感器与道路网络数据综合，在导航过程中能够补偿GPS信号技失，实时、高精度、高可靠性地确定汽车的位置。     

Assessing antenna field of view and receiver clocks of COSMIC and GRACE satellites: lessons for COSMIC-2

We provide suggestions for the approved COSMIC-2 satellite mission regarding the field of view (FOV) and the clock stability of its future GNSS receiver based on numerical analyses using COSMIC GPS data. While the GRACE GPS receiver is mounted on the zenith direction, the precise orbit determination (POD) antennas of COSMIC are not. The COSMIC antenna design results in a narrow FOV and a reduction in the number of GPS observations. To strengthen the GPS geometry, GPS data from two POD antennas of COSMIC are used to estimate its orbits. The phase residuals of COSMIC are at the centimeter level, compared to the millimeter level of GRACE. The receiver clock corrections of COSMIC and GRACE are at the microsecond and nanosecond levels, respectively. The clock spectra of COSMIC at the frequencies of 0–0.005 Hz contain significant powers, indicating potential systematic errors in its clock corrections. The clock stability, expressed by the Allan deviation, of COSMIC ranges from 10^?9 to 10^?11 over 1 to 10⁴ s, compared to 10^?12 to 10^?14 for GRACE. Compared to USO-based clock of GRACE, the clock of COSMIC is degraded in its stability and is linked to the reduction of GPS data quality. Lessons for improvement of COSMIC-2 over COSMIC in FOV and receiver clock stability are given.     

环境负载对区域GPS基准站时间序列的影响分析

基于1999-2011年中国地壳运动观测网络(CMONOC)及2007-2012年武汉市连续运行卫星定位服务系统(WHCORS)的观测数据,联合中国及周边35个IGS基准站数据,采用GAMIT软件解算,获得了ITRF2008框架下的GPS基准站坐标时间序列.然后采用QOCA计算了环境负载位移,并利用其对GPS时间序列进行改正.研究结果表明环境负载造成的中国区域基准站位移呈现显著的区域性特征,东北、华北、华中区域变化较为一致且较大,西南区域基准站(KUNM)垂直方向的负载位移均方根(RMS)最大值达6.09 mm.通过对改正前后的数据进行时间序列分析,认为环境负载改正能够削弱中国区域大多数GPS基准站(约70%)垂直及水平东方向位移时间序列的非线性变化,其加权均方根(WRMS)减小量最大达1.5 mm,但是对于水平北方向坐标时间序列的改善作用不明显.     

建立GPS控制网观测方案优化的研究

利用GPS定位技术建立各种用途控制网已经相当普及.针对GPS控制网建立前观测方案的优化设计进行研究,探讨接收机的适用条件以及GPS观测时间的确定.实验数据证明接收机的选择和观测时间的确定对控制网控制质量是很重要的,实验分析结果既可为GPS科研工作的深入研究提供参考,亦可为从事高精度GPS测量生产应用提供借鉴.     

基于GPS与GIS的动态武器装备信息管理系统的开发

浅析了GPS、GIS、以及GPS与GIS集成模式的基本知识，计论了基于GPS与GIS的动态武器装备信息管理系统的设计，探讨了基于GPS与GIS的动态武器装备信息管理系统的实现途径。