模糊综合评判在航空伽玛能谱参数解释评价中的应用

利用模糊综合评判模型搭建航空伽玛能谱参数与铀矿化富集有利程度的定量评价关系,突破了传统上航空伽玛能谱测量数据多用于勾划等值图/比值图进行定性分析解释的局限,为进一步提取航空伽玛能谱测量数据所蕴涵的铀矿地质找矿信息提供了新的研究思路,对铀成矿有利区位进行了有效预测。     

有利含铀砂岩体的地球物理响应特征研究——以松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床为例

随着我国大规模发展核电,铀矿供给是核电可持续稳定发展的重要因素,而砂岩型铀矿又是铀矿的重要组成部分.因此,作者在砂岩型铀矿的分类基础之上,进而对研究区的铀矿床成矿地质特征及成矿模式做了描述,认为研究区的主要成矿地层在上白垩统的姚家组,其岩性特征主要为砖红色、紫红色泥岩,灰色、褐黄色中粗砂岩并夹杂泥岩.为了更好的刻画出含铀砂岩与泥岩的关系及空间展布,圈出有利含铀砂岩区域,作者利用井震联合反演技术对研究区收集的三维地震资料和测井资料进行宽带联合约束反演,并针对含铀储层进行了伽马参数反演.反演结果显示,波阻抗反演和参数反演能够刻画出含铀砂岩的空间展布.综合分析表明,预测结果与钻探结果基本一致,由此说明可以利用地震资料进行砂岩型铀矿预测.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿目标层灰绿色砂岩成因

东胜砂岩型铀矿床产于鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪直罗组灰绿色砂岩与灰色砂岩之间的过渡带中.该矿床目标层中出现的灰绿色砂岩具有独特的特征,不同于一般层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿.从岩石学、矿物学和地球化学较系统地研究了灰绿色砂岩的特征和成因,指出它是古氧化作用后经油气二次还原的产物.灰绿色砂岩之绿色主要是由覆盖于砂岩颗粒表面的针叶状绿泥石引起.鉴别铀成矿目标层灰绿色砂岩的成因、识别古氧化带不仅对查明该砂岩型铀矿床的形成机理具有理论意义,而且对指导同类砂岩型铀矿的找矿具有重要的实际意义.     

综合物探方法在山北地区花岗岩型铀矿勘查中的应用研究

广德县山北地区位于下扬子地块皖南褶断带绩溪穹褶断束北缘,属于典型的花岗岩型铀矿(化)分布区.为研究该地区的铀矿(化)分布特征,寻找隐伏铀矿体,本文通过开展地面伽玛能谱、可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、土壤氡气等综合物探方法,有效地发现与成矿有关的地球物理异常,结合地质资料,推断了与矿化体有关的岩体接触带和构造发育情况,圈定找矿靶区,并于后期开展的钻探验证工程中辅以伽玛测井定量确定异常铀矿化分布情况.研究结果表明,地面伽玛能谱测量能有效圈定与铀成矿有关的异常靶区;可控源音频大地电磁测深垂向分辨力高,能较准确探测花岗岩体厚度,推断断裂构造发育情况;土壤氡气测量能准确指示深部铀矿化信息.因此合理选用多种物探方法有助于提高地质找矿效果.     

基于放射性地球物理的深部砂岩型铀矿化信息提取技术

为了构建深部砂岩型铀矿化信息提取技术,本文论述了基于放射性地球物理方法提取深部铀矿化信息的理论基础,采用氡异常二维栅格衬度、分形滤波、氡与计算氡比值等方法对我国二连盆地及准噶尔盆地实测土壤氡浓度数据进行了处理,同时,应用证据权重法,集成地质、土壤氡、车载伽马全谱、航空伽马能谱等成矿有利信息图层,开展了多元信息定量化提取技术应用研究,通过数据处理,表层信息得到了有效压制,排除了氡异常的漂移或假异常,处理后的异常信息与矿体在地表的垂直投影及控矿构造正相关,为我国北方深部砂岩型铀矿找矿工作提供了技术支撑.     

伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿航磁特征分析及信息增强

为探讨伊犁盆地南缘层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿与航磁数据的内在联系,对盆地南缘蚀源区、地下水径流区、铀矿区和原生带的航磁数据进行了特征分析,总结了一套完整的铀成矿体系对应的航磁特征,认为铀矿通常位于磁场梯度带向宽缓磁场过渡的区间内,ΔT零值可作为由氧化带进入氧化-还原过渡带的标志之一.针对砂岩型铀矿的航磁特征,创新性地将化探领域应用较广的衬值滤波法移植到了航磁数据处理中,铀矿区的空间信息得到了大幅度增强,显示出良好的应用效果.     

470铀矿床地球化学特征及成矿机理探讨

470火山岩型钿矿床主要有两种铀矿化类型，即铁－铀型和铀－铝型。含矿主岩主要为粗面岩，具有独特的“麻子构造”；通过对矿床岩石化学、共生及伴生元素、稀土元素、稳定同素、成矿温度、成矿年龄等地球化学特征研究，分析了矿床的成矿机理，建立了铀成矿地球化学模式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成岩作用研究

为了解东胜地区砂岩型铀矿含矿砂岩的成岩演化与成矿响应,进而探讨该矿床的成因,采用了薄片鉴定、电镜扫描、电子探针、能谱分析、阴极发光、同位素分析及包裹体测温等多种分析方法,对东胜地区直罗组砂岩进行了详细的成岩作用研究.研究表明,直罗组含矿砂岩的岩石类型主要为岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩;成岩矿物有粘土矿物、碳酸盐、硅质矿物和铁质矿物;砂岩的物性明显受到成岩作用的控制,物性良好的砂岩有利于成矿流体在其中运移、存储并最终成矿.直罗组砂岩经历了早成岩阶段A,B期和表生成岩阶段;成岩环境演化可分为酸性氧化-碱性还原-酸性-氧化还原、酸碱过渡阶段;铀分别以预富集的铀酰离子、活化的铀酰离子、分散吸附状铀和铀矿物沉淀的形式存在.研究指出,在表生成岩阶段,砂岩型铀矿的形成不仅与氧化-还原过渡环境有关,而且与酸性-碱性过渡成岩环境密切相关;氧化-还原、酸性-碱性过渡带有利于铀在砂岩中富集成矿.     

安徽黄梅尖地区地面伽玛能谱钾差量异常特征及与铀成矿关系分析研究

铀成矿信息提取和识别是当前铀矿地质找矿工作的研究热点之一.本文利用地面伽玛能谱钾测量数据,采用差量法对铀成矿信息进行提取,结果显示,黄梅尖地区钾差量正值域与负值域呈不均匀面状展布,且具有跨越不同侵入期次岩石单元现象,钾差量亏损场与铀矿床(点)的空间位置显示较好的对应关系,反映了铀成矿作用与钾差量亏损场具有成因联系.结合野外地质调查、显微岩石学和元素地球化学对比研究表明,钾差量亏损场的形成是成矿流体与围岩作用导致水云母、钠长石、绿泥石交代钾长石的结果,是一个铀元素富集、钾质含量流失的过程;依据钾差量亏损场可大致圈定与铀成矿密切相关的"褪色"蚀变作用的空间分布范围,进一步突显了岩体内带铀矿找矿的有利信息,缩小了找矿靶区;初步划分白虎山地段和黄龙桥-4340矿点一带两处铀成矿有利地段,对下一步岩体内带铀矿找矿工作具有重要的指示作用.     

古水文地球化学形迹与地浸砂岩铀成矿的关系

本文以水成铀矿床、地质构造学、沉积学、古水文地质学、铀水文地球化学、同位素地质学等学科理论,从分析伊犁盆地南缘铀成矿大地构造背景人手,初步进行了盆地地质构造、地质演化、含矿岩系沉积特征、地下水中同位素（D、^18O、^3H、^234U／^238U、^230Th／^232Th等）和水文地球化学的研究,基本查明了伊犁盆地南缘区域地下水动力条件,研究了区域水文地球化学条件与铀成矿的关系,探讨古地下水演化与铀成矿作用的关系,为全盲型地浸砂岩铀成矿的水文地球化学及古水文地质预测研究提供理论基础。     

低场理论及有利找矿标志

找铀矿要到放射性高异场中去找,这似乎已成为一种习惯,因而也影响找矿效果．实践表明,约有80％的矿是位于低异常场及与之相邻的离异常场附近,特别是面积为几十平方公里的小高异常场中通过对国内外上千个矿田、矿床和矿点的统计研究,提出在自然界中存在着呈“萝卜型”分布的异常（矿床或矿体）为核心的低场理论、探讨了低异场产生的机制,总结了低场中的10种有利找矿标志．对两个地区今后的勘查进行了有益的讨论     

Origin of gray-green sandstone in ore bed of sandstone type uranium deposit in north Ordos Basin

Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin, occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sandstones in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green, being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium deposits. The character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry. It is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation, being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone grains. To find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit, but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit.     

Origin of gray-green sandstone in ore bed of sandstone type uranium deposit in north Ordos Basin

Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin, occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sandstones in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green, being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium deposits. The character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry. It is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation, being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone grains. To find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit, but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit.     

Development characteristics of interlayer oxidation zone type of sandstone uranium deposits in the southwestern Turfan-Hami basin

The known uranium ore and anomaly occur-rences are distributed mainly in the southwestern part of the Turfan-Hami basin. The focus of current explo-ration is placed on the leachable interlayered oxidation zone type of sandstone uranium deposits. Uranium deposits in the sedimentary basin can be classified into three types in accordance with their host rock types, i.e. the sandstone-type uranium deposits, the coal rock-type uranium deposits and the mud-stone-type uranium deposits. The sandstone…     

Geochemical constraints and uranium potential of the younger granitic rocks in El Maghrbia area,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt

The present work deals with the mineralogy,geochemical behavior and uranium potentiality of the monzogranites of El Maghrbia area,which comprise G.El Maghrbia and G.El Eredyia and situated in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt.G.El-Erediya monzogranites represents a promising area for uranium mineralizations.These granites have shear zone filled with red and black silica veins containing many radioactive anomalies with visible yellow secondary uranium minerals.The shear zone is highly affected by different degrees of alterations such as silicification,kaolinitization,sassuritization and ferrugination.Monzogranites of El-Erediya area possess higher values of their radioactivity than in El Maghrbia monzogranites in which eU and eTh,reaches up to 792.3 and 66.81 ppm,whilst average content of eU and eTh in El Maghrabia granites are 3.86 and 8.55 ppm,respectively owing to the presence of radioactive minerals such as uraninite,uranothorite,uranophane,kasolite,betafite,zircon and monazite.Intensive geochemical analyses indicated that,the studied monzogranites are distinctly anomalous in U,where the average U is more than 620-fold the Upper Continental Crust(UCC),marked enrichment( tenfold) of the elements Cd,Mo,Pb,Bi,Nb and W.The Th/U ratio decreases from 2.8,as a chondritic value,to 0.0023 for the studied granites,proposing extreme fractionation towards an extensive secondary migration-in of U.The Zr and Hf are depleted in the studied granites relative to the UCC,whereas Nb and Ta are strongly enriched.The content of Y is about sixfold enriched which reflects relative enhancement of the HREE during the alteration processes.Uranium correlates with Fe_2 O_3,suggesting a possible association between uranium and ferrugination.Thus,the occurrences of uranium are epigenetic by remobilization from the host rock to the sheared zones,probably through metasomatic process where U-Fe-Mg replaced the feldspars in an oxidized condition.The high levels of radioactivity in the rocks being studied it them a priority for discovery and expanding the potentiality of the highly mineralized localities.     

铀矿找矿中α径迹测量方法的影响因素研究

我国于1974年开始将核径迹探测技术应用于铀矿勘探,其中α径迹测量是寻找深部隐伏铀矿的有效方法之一.本文对氡浓度大小、探杯尺寸、杯内表面放射性沉积物以及杯内底面固体放射性元素等对α径迹测量结果的影响进行了理论研究,建立了α径迹测量中不同装置结构及不同放射性元素对α径迹密度影响的理论公式,为该方法应用于铀矿勘探以及环境氡浓度测量提供理论参考依据.同时结合实验对比测量,进一步对理论公式进行验证,α径迹测量结果与理论计算所得结果吻合较好.研究结果表明：探测器上α径迹主要来源于氡,探杯尺寸不应小于氡致α径迹的最大有效探测尺寸.此外,放射性沉积物放出的α射线对测量结果有重要积极贡献,在铀矿勘探中,从提高探测灵敏度和减小测量结果不确定度的角度来看,其影响越大越好.在大多数测量装置尺寸下,探杯内底面以下的固态α放射性元素对径迹密度影响较小或无影响,实际测量时可将其忽略.     

金属矿产勘查技术发展现状与思考

近年来，以寻找金属矿产为目的发愤卢业的勘查新技术可概括为：（1）以寻找隐伏矿为目标的覆盖区地球物理勘查技术，其中包括“三维地震”和“高光谱遥感”技术；（2）地球化学勘查新技术，其中包括“深穿透地球化学技术”、“地球化学信息的综合解释和地球化学填图技术”；（3）“找矿信息提取和综合”技术等。限于篇幅，本文仅对地球化学勘查新技术的研究现状进行了分析，同时对下列问题进行了思考：（1）在一个地区开展地球化学找矿工作首先要确立合适的取样介质，取样介质的立应以查明成矿成晕元素的形成机制和赋存状态为基础；（2）加强不同景观条件下不同矿种和不同矿床类型的异常特征和异常模式研究，建立区分矿异常和非矿异常的模式识别模型；（3）加强不同景观地质条件下，不同勘查尺度的地球化学填图技术研究，以实现迅速掌握全局，逐步缩小靶区的找矿战略；（4）加强地球化学信息与地质、地球物理和遥感信息相结合的信息综合技术的研究，应用综合信息定量圈定和评价找矿靶区，减少矿产勘查的不确定性。     

Characteristics and dynamic settings of the Central-east Asia multi-energy minerals metallogenetic domain

That more than 82 percent of proved sandstone-type uranium deposits coexist with proved oil-gas or coalfields in the world reflects the fact of coexistence and accumulation of multi-energy minerals including oil, gas, coal and uranium in the same basin. Especially, this phenomenon is most typical in the Central-east Asia energy basins. Across China, Mongolia and some central Asian countries, the giant Central-east Asia metallogenetic domain (CEAMD) stretches more than 6,000 km from Songliao Basin of China in the east to the Caspian Sea in the west. The multi-energy minerals distribution characteristics of the domain include: their spatial distribution is complicated and ordered; the ore-bearing horizon relates closely to the geographical region; the accumulation/mineralization and localization time is the same or close; the occurrence setting and accumulation/mineralization have close correlation; and they have rich provenance for all the minerals. All of these imply that they have close relations between each other under a unified geodynamic background. The exogenetic uranium mineralization process in CEAMD can be divided into five phases using time limits of 100 Ma, (50±2) Ma, 20±(2–4) Ma, 8–5 Ma. The major mineralization periods and their differences in each primary uranium-bearing basin are identical to the oil-gas accumulation and localization periods and phases in the same basin, and are also in response to regional tectonics and controlled in general by the regional geodynamic environment. For industrial application and commercial exploitation, it is suggested that an important period for coexistence, accumulation and localization of oil, gas, coal and uranium and their interaction mainly occur in the late/last and post basin evolution. Through generalized analysis and comparison of accumulation/mineralization environment of the energy basins in CEAMD, the authors propose that the relatively stable regional tectonic background and moderate (weaker) structural deformation probably are necessary for formation, coexistence and preservation of large and medium-scaled sandstone-type uranium ore deposits, oil-gas fields and coalfields, while basins in favor of coexistence and accumulation are those intracratonal, intermediary massif basins and corresponding reformed basins.     

沉积物放射性元素含量对粒度及气候变化的响应——以福州盆地SZK1、SZK2钻孔地层为例

根据福州盆地2个钻孔地层放射性元素(铀、钍、钾)含量的变化特点,结合孢粉分析等结果,探讨了地层放射性元素含量变化与岩性、沉积环境的关系。沉积地层中的放射性元素含量与沉积物粒度、岩性等密切相关,在泥质沉积(如淤泥、黏土)中含量较高,在砂质沉积中较低,在砾石层中介于前两者之间。同时,放射性元素含量的高低还与古气候环境有关,温暖潮湿的环境放射性元素含量较高,凉爽干燥的环境含量较低     

Basical characteristics of fluid geologic process of interlayer oxidation zone sandstone-typeuranium deposit

This paper reveals the physicochemical properties such as component, formulation, genesis, tem- perature, pH, Eh, salinity and pressure of all main alteration fluid of interlayer oxidation zone sand- stone-type uranium deposits after studying the geologic process and geochemistry of internal typical sandstone-type uranium deposits such as Shihongtan deposit in the Turpan-Hami basin, 512 deposit in the Yili basin, Dongsheng deposit in the Ordos basin. The composition of fluid can be divided into two parts based on the analysis of inclusion one can be affirmed as atmospheric water with ordinary temperature epigenesist according to the character of hydrogen and oxygen isotope of inclusion, the other is natural gas containing gaseous hydrocarbon like CH4, and CO2 as well as a little H2S, CO, H2, N2 and so on, it always contains a small quantity of hydrocarbon liquid in petroliferous basins. The fluid property of oxidation alteration zone is always oxidation alkaline, and neutrality or weak acid-weak alkaline and reducibility during the metallizing process, but at secondary reduction or deoxidization zone it becomes strong reduction alkaline. Oxygenic groundwater in the fluid is the activate and mig- ratory medium of uranium element, but the gaseous hydrocarbon like CH4 as well as H2, H2S, CO from natural gas is the important sedimentary reducer of uranium mineral; the transformation of pH,Eh in fluid environment is the main reason for the formation of uranium metallization.