挤土作用下Y型桩侧摩阻力分布模型研究

Y型沉管灌注桩是在传统圆形桩基础上通过改变截面形状以增大桩土接触面积、增加侧摩阻力进而增加承载力的一种新桩型。由于桩身截面的特殊性,在振动沉管的过程中Y型沉管灌注桩截面不同处对土有不同程度的挤压作用,其侧摩阻力分布性状比圆形桩复杂,若将Y型桩侧摩阻力看作沿桩身矩形分布、沿桩周均匀分布与实际不符,工程经验亦表明其不适。通过孔扩张理论与Y型截面的解析方程相结合,推导Y型桩侧摩阻力沿桩周及桩身的不均匀分布模型,同一截面最大侧摩阻力为最小侧摩阻力的1.24~1.75倍,同时分析外包圆半径R、模板弧度θ、桩长L对侧摩阻力的影响。将侧摩阻力沿Y型截面周边的9个区间积分,然后沿桩长积分,得到Y型桩总侧摩阻力,结合端阻力模型计算了Y型桩单桩极限承载力,与静载试验数据吻合。     

用抗剪强度指标计算预制桩软黏土侧摩阻力的参数统计分析

参照现有的静力法计算桩侧摩阻力的公式,提出了根据固结快剪c、j指标计算桩侧摩阻力的计算公式,其中有多个参数待定。根据收集到的上海地区19个工程摩擦型预制桩的试桩成果,采用最小二乘法,确定了上海地区主要软土层的待定参数,由统计得到的桩侧摩阻力的计算公式,计算出各试桩在各主要软土层的桩侧摩阻力和各试桩的极限承载力。结果表明,同一土层的各试桩桩侧摩阻力相关性较好,基本符合正态分布规律;单桩承载力计算值与实测值之间的误差较小;用上海地区主要软土层固结快剪c、j指标的上下限可以计算得到桩侧摩阻力上下限,根据19个工程统计得到的平均桩侧摩阻力在上下限之间;桩侧摩阻力的深度效应不明显,桩端持力层条件对桩侧摩阻力发挥有影响。     

大直径深长桩泥岩侧摩阻力试验研究——以吉林省龙华松花江特大桥工程试桩为例

泥岩地基中泥岩的桩侧摩阻力设计参数比较缺乏。通过对吉林省龙华松花江特大桥工程试桩的自平衡静载试验分析,并结合室内桩和泥岩接触中型剪切摩擦试验,揭示了该地区泥岩地基中大直径深长灌注桩泥岩侧摩阻力作用机制及承载特征,得出了一些对泥岩地基中钻孔灌注桩的设计和深入研究具有指导意义的结论。结果表明：大直径深长桩桩端阻力分担的荷载只占总承载力的一小部分,属摩擦型桩。自平衡测试中,全风化泥岩侧摩阻力达到173 kPa,强风化泥岩侧摩阻力达到279 kPa,中等风化泥岩侧摩阻力达到336 kPa,实测值较规范参考值大很多。建议在桩基设计时通过室内桩和泥岩接触中型剪切摩擦试验,基于莫尔库伦理论预估泥岩侧摩阻力,为桩基承载力的确定提供参考。     

浅覆盖层软质岩中抗拔桩承载特性现场试验研究

我国西部地区的电力工程正日益增加,浅覆盖层软质岩中抗拔桩在输电线路工程的杆塔基础设计中极为常见,而目前对此的相关研究相对较少,现行规范对软质岩层的桩侧摩阻力取值也有待完善。在广元市清江河南侧采用现场试验的方法研究了5根抗拔桩的承载特性,整理分析了Q-s关系曲线、桩身轴力分布和桩侧摩阻力发挥情况,得到了强风化砂岩和中风化砂岩的桩侧极限摩阻力标准值。拟合出软质砂岩的平均桩侧极限摩阻力与岩石单轴抗压强度之间的关系,进一步总结出抗拔桩极限承载力的预测公式,并将现行规范计算结果与现场试验测试结果作对比分析。结果表明,软质砂岩的平均桩侧极限摩阻力与岩石单轴抗压强度可用指数函数形式表示;强风化砂岩、中风化砂岩的桩侧极限摩阻力标准值分别为472、1 027 kPa,可为实际工程提供参考依据。     

预制静压桩静动载现场试验分析

原位试验是获取桩基设计参数和了解桩基力学性能的最客观、最可靠方法。基于现有疲劳机和千斤顶等试验设备,研制了桩顶静载和动载组合加载装置,为现场静、动载试验解决了一个技术性难题。利用该装置对某工程混凝土预制静压桩进行了模拟交通荷载的现场静、动载试验。通过单桩竖向抗压静载试验和动载试验,分析了静动载对桩身轴力分布、桩身侧摩阻力和基桩沉降的影响及其变化规律。试验结果表明：在静动载作用下桩身侧摩阻力的分布规律基本一致,并且随着振动次数的增加,桩身上部侧摩阻力减小、下部略有增加,但动载循环超过30万次后,侧摩阻力趋于稳定。     

天津厚地层超长钻孔灌注桩单桩承载特性研究

天津市某主塔楼桩基选用后压浆超长钻孔灌注桩,为了掌握超长后压浆钻孔灌注桩在该地层的工程特性,共设计了2组（共8根）试桩进行单桩竖向抗压静载试验。试桩中安装了振弦式钢筋计和分层沉降管以反映桩侧摩阻力和桩身分层沉降状态。对试验数据进行对比分析和计算结果表明,桩侧注浆可以明显提高超长桩的侧摩阻力;采用预压加载可以增强超长桩的弹性,减少桩顶的沉降;卸荷稳定后试桩具有桩侧阻力,桩身上段所受阻力为负摩阻力,下段为正摩阻力,同时具有的桩身轴力使试桩产生一定的压缩,其压缩量为残余变形量的重要组成部分     

浅覆盖层软质岩中抗拔桩承载特性现场试验研究

我国西部地区的电力工程正日益增加,浅覆盖层软质岩中抗拔桩在输电线路工程的杆塔基础设计中极为常见,而目前对此的相关研究相对较少,现行规范对软质岩层的桩侧摩阻力取值也有待完善。在广元市清江河南侧采用现场试验的方法研究了5根抗拔桩的承载特性,整理分析了Q-s关系曲线、桩身轴力分布和桩侧摩阻力发挥情况,得到了强风化砂岩和中风化砂岩的桩侧极限摩阻力标准值。拟合出软质砂岩的平均桩侧极限摩阻力与岩石单轴抗压强度之间的关系,进一步总结出抗拔桩极限承载力的预测公式,并将现行规范计算结果与现场试验测试结果作对比分析。结果表明,软质砂岩的平均桩侧极限摩阻力与岩石单轴抗压强度可用指数函数形式表示;强风化砂岩、中风化砂岩的桩侧极限摩阻力标准值分别为472、1 027 kPa,可为实际工程提供参考依据。     

浅覆盖层软质岩中抗拔桩承载特性现场试验研究

我国西部地区的电力工程正日益增加,浅覆盖层软质岩中抗拔桩在输电线路工程的杆塔基础设计中极为常见,而目前对此的相关研究相对较少,现行规范对软质岩层的桩侧摩阻力取值也有待完善。在广元市清江河南侧采用现场试验的方法研究了5根抗拔桩的承载特性,整理分析了Q-s关系曲线、桩身轴力分布和桩侧摩阻力发挥情况,得到了强风化砂岩和中风化砂岩的桩侧极限摩阻力标准值。拟合出软质砂岩的平均桩侧极限摩阻力与岩石单轴抗压强度之间的关系,进一步总结出抗拔桩极限承载力的预测公式,并将现行规范计算结果与现场试验测试结果作对比分析。结果表明,软质砂岩的平均桩侧极限摩阻力与岩石单轴抗压强度可用指数函数形式表示;强风化砂岩、中风化砂岩的桩侧极限摩阻力标准值分别为472、1 027 kPa,可为实际工程提供参考依据。     

钻孔变截面灌注桩的荷载传递特性

以某一工程钻孔变截面灌注试桩为例,采用三维有限元分析方法,研究了相同土质条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩在竖向桩顶加载方式下荷载传递机理的异同;并通过引入相对摩阻力R_τ,进一步分析了桩型对桩侧摩阻力发挥程度的影响。结果显示:相对摩阻力R_τ等于1.0,表明桩侧摩阻力充分发挥;相对摩阻力R_τ大于1.0,表明桩侧摩阻力表现为强化现象;相对摩阻力R_τ小于1.0,则桩侧摩阻力表现为软化现象。      

桩侧注浆抗拔桩离心模型试验与原位测试分析

通过离心机模型试验研究了注浆对接触面特性、抗拔桩荷载-位移曲线及桩侧摩阻力的影响,揭示了注浆提高桩身侧摩阻力发展规律和抗拔承载机制,并进一步将离心机模型试验的结果与原位试验结果进行了对比分析。研究表明,注浆桩侧摩阻力的发挥呈现一个渐进过程,桩身上部极限摩阻力率先发挥,并逐渐向中下部发展;注浆后桩侧极限桩侧摩阻力得到提高,而发挥极限状态所需的桩-土相对位移减小,上拔加载过程中,桩侧上部和下部极限摩阻力增幅较大,中部增幅较小。离心与现场试验一致表明,桩侧注浆显著提高了桩的抗拔刚度及极限承载能力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)