Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University Cooperative Innovation Network of Electronic Information Industry in Liaoning Province,China

It is important to optimize the cooperative innovation network for the improvement of economic competence and innovative power. Based on the patent information services platform, we obtain invention patent data for the electronic information industry in Liaoning from 1985 to 2015. This paper analyzes the cooperative innovation network structure, its spatiotemporal evolution and the triple helix relationship of government-industry-university(GIU) by using the social network analysis method and the triple helix theory as well as UCINet, ArcGIS and NetDraw. The empirical results show that: 1) the number of the subjects of the electronic information industry GIU cooperative innovation network in Liaoning demonstrates a gradual increase from 1985 to 2015, with the same trend in concentration. In terms of its subject and its centrality, the universities have a higher position, and the industries have a lower position,while the status of the government is still unclear. 2) The cooperative innovation network presents a core-periphery structure, and the polarization effect of innovation subjects tends to be obvious. There is certain distance-decay regularity in the cooperative innovation network, and a strong geographical proximity to cooperative innovation. 3) The compactness shows a downward trend as a whole. In terms of the extent of participation, the industries are better than the government but worse than the universities. This means that the cooperative innovation network of GIU in the electronic information industry in Liaoning is in the initial stage of formation.     

北京休闲农业与乡村旅游发展研究

休闲农业与乡村旅游在我国已经有20多年的发展历史。北京作为最早开始发展休闲农业与乡村旅游的城市,具备良好的农业资源条件和旅游发展环境。至2007年底,北京全市实际经营的农业观光园达到1302个,观光园总收入13.1亿元,农业观光园和民俗旅游户接待人数达到2614.4万人次,休闲农业与乡村旅游的发展呈现勃勃生机。目前北京休闲农业与乡村旅游发展主要有农业观光休闲、民俗文化休闲、休闲度假三大类型;地域布局呈现近郊、中郊平原区、远郊山区三大圈层结构;与风景旅游区相结合,形成十大发展基地。"十一五"期间,北京市提出重点打造五条农业精品旅游专线,必将进一步推进观光休闲农业与乡村旅游的健康发展。本文从发展条件、发展现状和特点、发展布局、旅游线路组织等几个方面,对北京市休闲农业与乡村旅游的发展进行了全面、系统的分析和总结,并在此基础上提出了北京市休闲农业与乡村旅游发展对策与建议:合理布局、科学管理、加大投入、强化培训、加强法律保障。     

Distribution orientation and driving mechanism of geographical pattern change of China’s banking industry

By analyzing the relationship among government, market driving forces, distribution orientation of banking industry, service opportunity equality and spatial patterns, this paper proposes that it is distribution orientation that lead to the formation and evolution of spatial pattern of banking industry. The difference of the distribution orientation leads to the separation of the spatial pattern of banking industry, and the change of the distribution orientation leads to the change of spatial pattern. The degree of spatial pattern change is subject to the degree of change of distribution orientation, and the scale of bank resources in the regions, which supports the distribution orientation variation. Based on these theoretical frameworks, some indicators were designed to analyze the pattern change of China’s banking industry and its effects since 1995 under the change of the distribution orientation. This paper finds that the orientation of economic benefit maximization driven by market causes the banking industry to concentrate in economically developed regions. The government, which does not follow the orientation of economic benefit maximization, plays a role of stabilizer. Since the bank branches in the regions with the greatest change in bank branch distribution are too few, and regions with the greatest change in bank loan allocation are the regions with lots of loans, the pattern change of the banking industry in physical form is not as notable as that in economic form.     

中国科技型初创企业的时空格局及影响因素研究——基于创业生态系统视角

创新驱动战略的深入推进促使创业型经济繁荣发展,科技型初创企业日益成为促进中国科技进步和经济高质量发展的决定性力量。本文基于2015—2020年中国科技型初创企业数据,运用泰尔指数、核密度估计等方法解析了科技型初创企业的时空格局,并利用OLS模型与SARAR模型定量识别了科技型初创企业分布的影响因素。研究发现:(1)从时间序列来看,2015—2020年中国科技型初创企业的数量快速增长,但是在城市体系的分布呈现持续的层级结构特征;(2)从空间格局看,中国科技型初创企业呈现出以长江三角洲、珠江三角洲为主要核心,京津冀为次要核心的多核心分布模式,创业热点从三大核心扩张到更多地区,东中西三大地带的不平衡性日益增强;(3)风险投资、知识厚度、人力资本、市场规模、孵化环境和政策环境对城市科技型初创企业的发展具有积极影响,创业生态系统的影响也表现出空间依赖性和空间异质性特征,而且不同影响因素的作用强度和相对重要性在不同发展阶段存在差异。未来应重视高质量科技创业生态系统建设,因地制宜地选择适合本地科技型初创企业发展的驱动路径。     

Distribution Orientation and Driving Mechanism of Geographical Pattern Change of China′s Banking Industry

By analyzing the relationship among government, market driving forces, distribution orientation of banking industry, service opportunity equality and spatial patterns, this paper proposes that it is distribution orientation that lead to the formation and evolution of spatial pattern of banking industry. The difference of the distribution orientation leads to the separation of the spatial pattern of banking industry, and the change of the distribution orientation leads to the change of spatial pattern. The d...     

UNRAVELING ECOTOURISM PRACTICE：PROBLEM ANALYSIS BASED ON STAKEHOLDERS

Despite the considerable literatures defined what Ecotourism is or should be, it is experiencing various practices with different features. Now the term “Ecotourism” is almost applied to all tourism activities which are based on nature. Faced to the flooding of those unqualified Ecotourism, it is of great necessity to put forward professional claim. The present writer holds that the key to the realization of rigorous Ecotourism chiefly lies in the relationships among the different interest groups involved in it. So the focus of this paper is just on giving a special analysis to the interest relations between those stakeholders which include local government, tour-operators, local residents and eco-tourists, and thus helping to find out what wrong is in those unqualified Ecotourism and the roots of those problems.     

基于开源大数据的北京地区餐饮业空间分布格局

基于大数据进行城市服务设施空间格局分析已成为一种新的研究热点,而餐饮业是城市服务业的典型代表,因此通过开源大数据对城市餐饮业的空间布局进行研究具有重要的意义。本文以北京地区作为研究区,采用网络爬虫技术获取大众点评上153 895家餐饮店数据,引入基于密度的CFSFDP聚类算法从空间分布密集度和人均消费等级方面对餐饮业背后蕴含的地理聚集特征进行分析。研究发现：① 北京地区餐饮店总体呈现多中心的空间分布特征,其集聚程度以主城区为核心向外逐级递减,并明显表现出围绕重要商圈、旅游景点和住宅区进行布局以及沿交通轴线扩展的趋势;② 不同人均消费水平的餐饮店呈现等级体系特征,即高档餐馆少而集聚,中低档餐馆多而散的分布特点;③ 餐馆分布密集程度和定价表现出接近市场和消费者的特征。同时,本文综合空间集聚特征和消费水平2项指标对影响餐饮店集群空间分布格局的因素进行了分析,以期为政府规划部门进行城市商业空间布局研究提供借鉴。     

我国地理信息产业发展特征

本文通过相关文献和数据收集,从政策、市场、企业、产品等方面,对我国地理信息产业发展现状与特征进行了简单综述。我国地理信息产业正处在诞生阶段,市场规模较小,但发展迅速,潜力巨大。在产业结构和区域布局上,地理信息产业发展不平衡。数据产业已成为产业发展的瓶颈,软件产业和地理信息集成服务极具发展潜力。从产业发展的主导因素看,政府在地理信息产业发展中起着关键作用;从产业发展的推动力来看,地理信息技术储备不足,亟待创新。     

Monitoring and Recognition of Debris Flow Infrasonic Signals

Low frequency infrasonic waves are emitted during the formation and movement of debris flows, which are detectable in a radius of several kilometers, thereby to serve as the precondition for their remote monitoring.However, false message often arises from the simple mechanics of alarms under the ambient noise interference.To improve the accuracy of infrasound monitoring for early-warning against debris flows, it is necessary to analyze the monitor information to identify in them the infrasonic signals characteristic of debris flows.Therefore, a large amount of debris flow infrasound and ambient noises have been collected from different sources for analysis to sum up their frequency spectra, sound pressures, waveforms, time duration and other correlated characteristics so as to specify the key characteristic parameters for different sound sources in completing the development of the recognition system of debris flow infrasonic signals for identifying their possible existence in the monitor signals.The recognition performance of the system has been verified by simulating tests and long-term in-situ monitoring of debris flows in Jiangjia Gully,Dongchuan, China to be of high accuracy and applicability.The recognition system can provide the local government and residents with accurate precautionary information about debris flows in preparation for disaster mitigation and minimizing the loss of life and property.     

FORGING ASIA'S GLOBAL TRANSPARK IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AT ZHUHAI

The main purpose of the paper is to introduce the concept of the Global TransPark (GTP). It is a critical time to develop air logistics infrastructure in the New Economy. The paper also presents a brief review of the air cargo industry in the Asian-Pacific region and China, in particular China's development in the industry as its economy has grown rapidly and globalized in the past two decades. The paper argues that China needs to develop a GTP to support its future growth, and explains why the Pearl River Delta-Hong Kong-Macao city-region or Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) is the best location. Finally, it proposes that Zhuhai Airport, one of the five airports in the EMR, is the best site for the GTP. New policies from Chinese government as well as close cooperation between local governments of Guangdong and the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao will be needed to make the establishment of the GTP possible.     

FORGING ASIA′S GLOBAL TRANSPARK IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AT ZHUHAI

1 NEEDFORNEWCOMPETITIVENESSINTHEPEARLRIVERDELTAIn1978ChinaadoptedanewapproachofOpen andReforminitsdevelopment.Priortothis,HongKongwasaBritish-runenclaveoffreetrade,andwaslittlerelatedeconomicallywithitsnextdoorneighborandnaturalhinterland—thePearl(Zhujiang)RiverDelta(PRD)(SIT,1991).Sincethen,localinitiativesofGuangdongProvinceanditsconstituentmunicipalitieshaveprovidedanattractivemilieuforHongKongin-vestment.IthassoongrownintoHongKong'snewmanufacturingbasewhileHong…     

西部大开发与西部企业技术创新主体地位

"西部大开发"对提高西部企业的技术创新能力有十分重要的作用,这就涉及到两个关系:企业与政府,西部企业与东部企业.考虑到西部的现状,要保证西部企业在技术创新活动中的主体地位,西部企业应将技术创新的重点放在区域特色产品、资源型产业、旅游业、农林畜牧业等优势产业上.而政府也应推行与之相配套的政策,以保证西部企业在技术创新活动中的主体地位.     

基于多源数据融合的北京市人口时空动态分析

高精度、动态、空间化的人口数据是科学核算城市资源环境压力、促进人口合理调控的重要参考依据。研究首先以2012和2017年北京市常住人口统计信息为基础,融合夜间灯光、土地利用、道路网络等数据,依据用地类型、VANUI指数对街道分割成的区域进行分类和分级,并在此基础上构建人口空间化模型,制备2期100 m格网尺度的人口空间化数据。验证表明,模型误差在10%以内;与已有成果对比分析发现,人口空间化数据整体与局部精度均有提升。最后,基于该数据分析北京市人口分布的时空动态变化特征,揭示其影响因素。结果表明:① 格网单元上的人口平均数量在-2542~190之间变化,以-500~500人为主。② 2期人口空间分布均呈“内密外疏”格局,且减少人口主要聚集于城六区,2012—2017年间减少近21万人;③ 首都功能核心区减少人口最为显著,减少量占城六区减少量的62%;④ 二三环间减少人口最多,共减少近11万人,减少量占城六区减少量的52%;⑤ 与城六区接壤的城郊街道,人口呈现增加趋势,可能形成新的人口聚集区。北京市人口时空变化特征与首都功能定位、产业升级转型、人口疏解政策实施等因素密切相关,该研究可为北京市未来人口空间合理布局与人口疏解政策完善提供定量化的科学依据。     

美国不动产征收典型案例分析及启示

美国宪法第五修正案规定不动产征收改变了以往封建社会不动产征收为统治阶级服务的目的而转向公共利益。但最初的制度设计随着政府角色定位改变、社会经济发展繁荣等多种因素难以充分应对公共政策制定和实施过程中遇到的各种问题。该文通过分析美国不动产征收权的形成背景及对其产生影响的典型案例,探析美国不动产征收权的形成与演化。结果表明,随着社会经济多元化发展以及公共用途内涵的不断扩展,美国政府通过案例来补充和完善法律在最初界定不动产征收相关条款的概括和不足。政府在行使不动产征收权的时候,虽然部分涉及与经营性用地结合来实现提高本地居民收入、增加就业机会和改善局部市政环境等目标,但如何协调政府行为与公共利益的关键在于建立合理的公共参与制度来反映公众诉求和监督政府行为,以实现个体权益保护的目的。美国不动产征收制度的演化与发展为我国征地制度改革提供了一定的理论借鉴和案例支撑。     

关于发展辽宁矿产资源综合利用、精深加工的思考

发展矿产资源的综合利用、精深加工是矿产资源有效保护、合理利用、可持续发展和矿业产业结构战略性调整中的一项重要任务。针对辽宁省矿产资源综合利用、精深加工的现状及面临的问题，本文提出应制定相应的法律，依法保障矿产资源利用、精深加工；定期发布辽宁省《矿产资源精深加工、综合利用目录》，公布鼓励开发生产的产品；制定配套的矿业政策；开展政府网络信息服务；建立基金制度；提高技术水平并引进技术；有关部门应重视、支持、配合，这样才能最终实现矿产资源和矿业经济的整体性可持续发展。     

从清代台湾妈祖宫庙题匾看妈祖的助战功能

明代以后,向妈祖宫庙献匾这一妈祖信仰形式渐趋流行。清代台湾妈祖宫庙题匾更是盛极一时,其中反映的妈祖助战功能,独具特色。清代前期反映的是帮助清廷统一和稳定台湾;中后期反映的是帮助台湾地方官府剿寇和平定民变;另外,还反映妈祖能帮助清军顺利渡海和抗击外国侵略者。了解妈祖助战功能可从另一个角度来审视海神妈祖的多元职司,加深对妈祖文化内涵及清廷褒扬妈祖原因的理解。     

基于云计算的位置服务平台建设研究

云计算作为一种革命性的计算模型在很多行业都成为重要的技术趋势。将云计算应用于空间地理信息领域所形成的空间云计算也逐渐成为整个空间地理信息行业的主流技术。位置服务利用当今高速发展的互联网和多样化的移动终端向用户提供基于位置的信息和娱乐服务。空间信息数据是位置服务平台的重要组成部分,本文首先介绍云计算相关概念,根据对目前位置服务平台存在的问题的剖析提出了基于云计算的位置服务平台建设的思路和平台架构,最后分析了该平台的特点和所形成的产业链。     

FORGING ASIA＇S GLOBAL TRANSPARK IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AT ZHUHAI

The main purpose of the paper is to introduce the concept of the Global TransPark (GTP). It is a critical time to develop air logistics infrastructure in the New Economy. The paper also presents a brief review of the air cargo industry in the Asian-Pacific region and China, in particular China‘s development in the industry as its economy has grown rapidly and globalized in the past two decades. The paper argues that China needs to develop a GTP to support its future growth, and explains why the Pearl River Delta-Hong Kong-Macao city-region or Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) is the best location. Finally, it proposes that Zhuhai Airport, one of the five airports in the EMR, is thebest site for the GTP. New policies from Chinese government as well as close cooperation between local governmentsof Guangdong and the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao will be needed to make the establishment of the GTP possible.     

Green Tourism in Mountain Regions - Reducing Vulnerability and Promoting People and Place Centric Development in the Himalayas

In recent years, mountain regions are attracting great attention to Indian tourists in general and foreign tourists in particular. The potential mountain resources for promoting green tourism are enormous in the form of natural and cultural heritage such as biosphere reserves, flora and fauna, lakes and rivers and traditional rural resources. In order to utilise tourism industry market, uncontrolled numbers of tourists and related haphazard infrastructural facilities in the vulnerable mountain regions pose serious environmental implications. The ecological pressures are threatening land, water and wild life resources through direct and indirect environmental impacts together with generation of solid and liquid wastes, so green tourism is emerging as an important task in order to develop new relationship between communities, government agencies and private sectors. The strategy focuses on ecological understanding, environmental protection and ecodevelopment. The major attributes of the green tourism include environmental conservation and education and distribution of income to local people based on strong partnership. Various knowledge systems go a long way for achieving the goals of the green tourism, which creates awareness about the value of environmental resources. Mountains have ecological, recreational, educational and scientific values, which need to be utilised in sustainable way. Various tourist activities andfacilities need to be diversified in order to achieve multiple benefits including scientific field excursion, recreation in natural and cultural areas, community festivals and sport tourisms. Green tourism considers tourism development as an integral part of a national and regional development. The paper discusses the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the green tourism with particular reference to village tourism development programme taking empirical evidences from the Himalaya. Such programme also minimises biophysical and human vulnerability and risks in mountain regions. The environmental consciousness campaign and introduction of code through multi- purpose Tourist Resource Centres are gaining currency in above context.