GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位研究

天空中导航卫星的可见数不断增加对整周模糊度的解算带来了有利的影响,极大改善了GNSS单历元单频RTK定位的精度和可靠性。针对GLONASS/BDS组合定位时的时空基准统一问题进行了分析;并针对GLONASS信号频分多址的特点,对GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位的数学模型进行了研究;最后通过实测数据对模型可行性进行了验证。结果表明,GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位是可行的,并且在北向上的定位精度要优于BDS单历元双频RTK定位。     

GPS/BDS/GLONASS双频RTK定位算法研究

针对GLONASS采用频分多址技术导致双差观测方程中双差模糊度失去整周特性的问题，提出了一种基于站间单差模糊度分别求解的方法，并结合附加模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波模型，实现了GPS/BDS/GLONASS组合RTK定位。通过自编RTK程序对GPS、BDS与GLONASS双频实测短基线数据进行测试，并对比分析其他RTK模式下的稳定性与定位精度。结果表明，GLONASS单频和双频定位的模糊度固定率分别为99.8%、99.7%，其定位精度与BDS、GPS相差不大。在单频或双频RTK定位中，双系统、三系统组合定位的稳定性和定位精度明显高于单系统，其中三系统组合定位的稳定性最好，精度最高。随着频率增加，初始化时间明显减少，为实现单历元获得固定解提供了可能性。     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合单历元姿态测量性能对比分析

相比于单一卫星导航系统,多卫星导航系统组合具有显著增加可用卫星数目、改善卫星空间几何结构等优点,因而多卫星导航系统组合应用成为近年来关注的热点。在复杂观测条件下,利用BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合进行载体姿态测量具有单系统无法比拟的优势。首先阐述了BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合超短基线解算的双差模型以及姿态测量基本原理;然后分析了BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合多频单历元姿态测量性能。通过实测静态数据设置不同高度截止角进行分析表明:相比于单系统及双系统组合的姿态测量,BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合能够有效地提高姿态测量的精度、稳定性和可用性。当运动载体处于高楼、峡谷等受遮挡严重的复杂环境时,BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合单历元姿态测量更具有应用价值。     

卡尔曼滤波方法的BDS/GLONASSRTK定位算法

针对单系统RTK定位精度以及稳定性不足的问题,该文提出了BDS、GLONASS双系统联合RTK定位方法,通过对双系统进行时空基准统一,基于附加模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波函数模型双系统RTK定位算法的研究,开发了BDS/GLONASS双系统RTK定位程序,对超短基线、短基线实测数据进行计算,并且与GPS系统结果进行比对。实验结果表明,BDS、GLONASS、BDS/GLONASS这3种模式定位精度虽稍逊于GPS,但也能够达到厘米级精度,从而提供高精度的定位服务。     

GPS/BDS/GALILEO多模单频单历元RTK定位算法

单一卫星系统单频RTK定位可靠性较低,难以满足实时定位需求。由于GPS,BDS及GALILEO均采用CDMA技术体制,GPS/BDS/GALILEO多模系统耦合度较高,可有效应用于RTK动态定位。采用实测数据进行GNSS单频单历元RTK计算,实验结果表明:多模GNSS系统其模糊度ADOP值较小,模糊度固定成功率较高更适用于RTK定位领域。截止高度角较高时多模系统优势更加明显。     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS RTK定位算法研究

实现了BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统组合RTK定位算法,介绍了BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统组合RTK数学模型,解决了多模融合导航定位时空基准统一问题,并针对附加模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波函数模型,提出了一种确定实时动态定位中卡尔曼滤波参数的方法。编制了BDS/GPS/GLONASS RTK定位程序,并对28 m超短基线及31 km短基线实测数据进行了解算。对比分析了BDS、GPS、GLONASS、BDS/GPS、BDS/GLONASS、GPS/GLONASS、BDS/GPS/GLONASS七种模式下的定位结果。     

不同截止高度角下BDS/GPS/GLONASS/Galileo多模组合SPP性能分析

针对单系统在遮挡环境下可见卫星数较少、历元利用率低、定位稳定性、定位可靠性和定位精度较差的问题,首先,利用间接平差法对BDS/GPS/GLONASS/Galileo组合观测方程进行求解;然后,运用最小二乘法原理求解待估参数,最终解算出测站点坐标。采用MGEX站部分测站的数据对不同截止高度角下(7°、15°、20°、30°、40°、45°)不同模式GPS、GPS+Galileo、GPS+GLONASS、BDS+GLONASS+Galileo、GPS+BDS、GPS+GLONASS+BDS、GPS+GLONASS+BDS+Galileo的单点定位(single point positioning,SPP)进行解算和数据处理。结果表明,在截止高度角为45°时,点位离散程度变差,但相比其他模式特别是GPS单系统,GPS+GLONASS+BDS+Galileo组合稳定性和可靠性都较好;GPS单系统历元利用率较低,全天不足1/3,然而GPS+BDS、GPS+GLONASS+BDS、GPS+GLONASS+BDS+Galileo组合历元仍然全天可用,GPS部分历元精度优于GPS+GLONASS+BDS和GPS+GLONASS+BDS+Galileo组合,但整体定位性能较差。GRCE组合在全天历元可用和实现单点定位前提下,整体定位性能优于其他模式。     

一种基于多频模糊度快速解算方法的BDS/GPS中长基线RTK定位模型

随着全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）进入多系统时代,空中导航卫星的可见卫星数不断增加,中国北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）已开始面向用户提供三频导航信号,这都有利于改善单历元实时动态定位（real-time kinematic,RTK）的精度和可靠性。中长基线单历元RTK通常采用电离层无关组合算法,但是该方法将观测噪声进行了放大,模糊度固定成功率随着基线长度的增加而明显降低。提出一种BDS/GPS（global positioning system）中长基线单历元多频RTK定位算法,先以较高成功率快速固定BDS的两个超宽巷模糊度,继而通过简单变换得到BDS宽巷模糊度,然后将其辅助提高GPS宽巷模糊度固定成功率,最后采用将电离层延迟误差参数化的策略以提高BDS/GPS窄巷模糊度固定成功率。结合实测数据进行验证分析,结果表明本文算法是可行的。     

基于DREAMNET的GPS/BDS/GLONASS多系统网络RTK定位性能分析

随着BDS系统完成亚太地区组网、GLONASS系统再次实现满星座部署以及GPS系统的现代化,多系统集成已逐步成为网络RTK技术的发展趋势。本文结合笔者所在课题组自主研发的网络RTK数据处理系统DREAMNET,对不同卫星系统组合模式下的定位精度进行比较分析。试验结果表明,GPS/BDS/GLONASS网络RTK和GPS/BDS网络RTK的定位精度最高,GPS、BDS单系统网络RTK次之。此外,随着高度角的增加,GPS单系统网络RTK的可用性显著降低,而GPS/BDS/GLONASS网络RTK在高度角为40°时依然可以在99.84%的时间里提供水平精度0.01 m、高程精度0.025 m的定位服务。最后,对15 d的定位结果进行统计,包括不依赖GPS系统的BDS和BDS/GLONASS在内的6种组合方式皆可达到水平0.01 m、高程0.025 m的定位精度,其中GPS/BDS/GLONASS网络RTK则可以得到水平0.006 m、高程0.015 m的定位精度,证明DREAMNET的定位精度和稳定性完全可以满足测绘作业的需要。     

BDS/GPS单历元多频定向算法性能对比

针对多频多系统定向的不同需求,该文采用了BDS/GPS单历元双差非组合定向算法以及附有基线长约束的最小二乘降相关平差模糊度固定方法。4组实测数据的处理结果表明,单频GPS、单频BDS的模糊度平均固定成功率分别为55.9%、84.3%;单频双系统、多频(双频三频)单系统及多频(双频或三频)双系统定向时,其模糊度固定成功率均可达98%以上;在模糊度固定正确的情况下,BDS/GPS组合定向的精度最高,且与单GPS较为相近,但两者都略高于单BDS,频率差异所带来的精度差异并不明显。     

组合GNSS系统定位数据质量与精度比较分析

本文对组合GNSS系统进行静态相对定位测量与RTK测量试验,研究结果表明:在静态相对定位测量中,BDS的数据利用率、多路径效应误差优于GPS与GLONASS,BDS的定位精度优于GLONASS略低于GPS;组合系统中GPS/BDS与GPS/BDS/GLONASS的定位精度较优,引入GLONASS对定位精度改善的作用不明显。在RTK测量中,当观测条件理想时,GPS/BDS较GPS可见卫星数目多,PDOP值低,中误差小。当观测条件较差时,GPS/BDS较GPS可见卫星数目多,PDOP平均值低,中误差小,限差内固定解获得时间减少76.1%;GPS/BDS/GLONASS较GPS/BDS在中误差、水平精度和垂直精度上更优,限差内固定解获得时间更稳定可靠。     

Performance assessment of single- and dual-frequency BeiDou/GPS single-epoch kinematic positioning

The first results of the short baseline single-epoch kinematic positioning based on dual-frequency real BeiDou/GPS data are presented. The performance of the BeiDou/GPS single-epoch positioning is demonstrated in both static and kinematic modes and compared with corresponding GPS-only performance. It is shown that the availability and reliability of the single-frequency BeiDou/GPS and dual-frequency BeiDou single-epoch kinematic positioning are comparable to those of the dual-frequency GPS. The fixed rate and reliability of ambiguity resolution for the single- and dual-frequency BeiDou/GPS are remarkably improved as compared to that of GPS-only, especially in case of high cutoff elevations. For positioning accuracy with fixed ambiguities, the BeiDou/GPS single-epoch solutions are improved by 23 and 4 % relative to the GPS-only case for two short baseline tests of 8 km, respectively. These results reveal that dual-frequency BeiDou real-time kinematic (RTK) is already applicable in Asia–Pacific areas and that single-frequency BeiDou/GPS RTK is also achievable but only with initialization of several seconds. More promisingly, the dual-frequency BeiDou/GPS RTK can overcome the difficulties with GPS-only RTK under the challenging conditions assuming, of course, that the additional BeiDou satellites are visible.     

BDS/Galileo紧组合系统间偏差估计与模糊度固定效果分析

多个卫星导航系统采用相同频率播发信号,使得不同系统之间可以通过紧组合方式进行数据处理。文中简要介绍了不同系统紧组合双差观测模型;利用零短基线观测数据估计了BDS/Galileo间小数ISB(Inter-System Bias);对其时变稳定性进行了分析并利用单历元相对定位解算进行了验证。实验结果表明,小数ISB具有较好的时间稳定性,能够进行长期预报。相对于松组合相对定位模型,采用紧组合模型能够显著提高模糊度固定的成功率。     

Combined GPS and BDS for single-frequency continuous RTK positioning through real-time estimation of differential inter-system biases

Double-differenced (DD) ambiguities between overlapping frequencies from different GNSS constellations can be fixed to integers if the associated differential inter-system biases (DISBs) are well known. In this case, only one common pivot satellite is sufficient for inter-system ambiguity resolution. This will be beneficial to ambiguity resolution (AR) and real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning especially when only a few satellites are observed. However, for GPS and current operational BDS-2, there are no overlapping frequencies. Due to the influence of different frequencies, the inter-system DD ambiguities still cannot be fixed to integers even if the DISBs are precisely known. In this contribution, we present an inter-system differencing model for combined GPS and BDS single-frequency RTK positioning through real-time estimation of DISBs. The stability of GPS L1 and BDS B1 DISBs is analyzed with different receiver types. Along with parameterization and using the short-term stability of DISBs, the DD ambiguities between GPS and BDS pivot satellites and the between-receiver single-difference ambiguity of the GPS pivot satellite can be estimable jointly with the differential phase DISB term from epoch to epoch. Then the inter-system differencing model can benefit from the near time-constant DISB parameters and thus has better multi-epoch positioning performance than the classical intra-system differencing model. The combined GPS and BDS single-frequency RTK positioning performance is evaluated with various simulated satellite visibilities. It will be shown that compared with the classical intra-system differencing model, the proposed model can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and reliability, especially for severely obstructed situations with only a few satellites observed.