黄河中游马兰黄土颗粒及结构的若干特征——油浸光片法观察的结果

黄土属于粉砂岩类。粉砂岩占沉积岩的很大一部分。就以黄土和黄土状沉积为例,它分布的面积约占整个大陆10％。目前对粉砂岩的研究还远不如对砂岩、粘土岩、化学沉积和生物沉积岩等做得详细,所以也影响了对黄土的研究。我国黄河中游地区黄土的发育最为典型,其分布面积广,厚度大,沉积的地质时期也延续较长。这些条件都有利于对黄土进行岩石学研究。通过岩石学研究,不仅能对我国黄土的特征有所了解,有助于工程建设,并且还可以对现在还进行得较少的粉砂岩类的研究提供许多有意义的新资料。     

灌区潜水动态预测的某些理论问题(续)

四、自由渗流条件下渠道对潛水动态的影响在自由渗流条件下渠道对潛水动态的影响同灌溉水渗入补給对潛水动态的影响相似。其差別在于,渠道渗漏仅发生在与径流长度比較寬度可以忽略的渠底上。因此,在各种类型径流条件下渠道自由渗流对潛水动态影响的解可借助于第三部分中相应条件下的中間解导出。     

从Rb—Sr及K—Ar年龄测定讨论某些前寒武系及中生代火山岩地层的时代

近几年来,为配合寻找富铁矿及其他科研任务,对冀东、辽东、豫西、川西等地的前寒武系,及庐枞、宁芜、繁昌和浙西等地的中生代火山岩地层进行了同位素年龄测定和研究。在所内外的大力支持协助下,进行了野外观察和采样,同时接受了所内外兄弟单位送来的样品及有关地层资料。我们对这些样品进行了同位素年龄测定。冀东、辽东、豫西和川西前寒武纪地层的样品,主要用Rb-Sr全岩等时线法,其中对川西的样品并用了少数K-Ar法。对庐枞、宁芜、繁昌和浙西的中生代地层样品,主要用K-Ar法。对浙西的个别样品并用了Rb-Sr全岩等时线法。对测定得到的部分年龄数据,以前曾以不同方式报道。     

河南嵩山区震旦系古构造型式

引言前人对本区震旦系的研究多侧重地层的划分和对比,而对其构造则重视不够。作者等虽多年来着重研究本区的构造形变史,但对震旦系构造特征的认识,长期以来只看到一些表面现象,而对其本质的认识则经历了一个不断反复和深化的过程。首先是震旦系和寒武系的接触关系,在豫西、华北乃至中国东部,它们之间都主要是假整合的平行接触关系,也就是在震旦纪末波状运动基础上,寒武纪海浸超覆。     

鄂尔多斯断块太古代至早元古代构造发育特征

鄂尔多斯断块绝大部分被古生界至新生界所覆盖,仅在周缘有零星的太古界及下元古界露头。因此,最初人们只能根据周缘的老地层发育特点对断块内的前长城系进行某些推测。近年来,在对华北断块区基底进行深入研究的基础上,张文佑、赵宗溥对华北地区太古代和元古代的构造发育特点进行了分析;马杏垣、刘国栋结合航空磁测的资料对华北基底构造发育史提出了系统看法。 笔者亦曾就本区基底构造特征作过初步讨论。     

对“关于倒水坞层”一文的附言

倒水坞层是我在1924年初次到浙江调查地质时所用的名称,当时我对浙江地质的认识是很差的,也沒有参考资料。当我遇到一种新地层时,除对其岩层性质加以注意外,对地层层次的划分和构造关系等都沒有作进一步研究,我所写的报告,也称临时报告。     

中国海大陆架沉积物地球化学的若干模式

大陆架是大陆向海底的自然延伸部分,是大陆和海洋之间的过渡区,在这一特定环境中形成的沉积物,一方面对大陆有“继承性”,另一方面也留下了海洋的“烙印”,从而构成独特的地球化学特征。本文基于历年对中国海大陆架沉积物地球化学的研究,试图对大陆架沉积物地球化学的若干模式,进行初步的探讨。     

我国某细脉浸染型钼矿床内的淡红沸石及其成因

淡红沸石(Stellerite)是辉沸石族矿物之一种,曾在白令海峡中的苏联铜岛、美国阿拉斯加的朱诺、芬兰和苏联东外贝加尔的一些多金属矿床发现过。前人对淡红沸石着重进行了结晶学和热分析的研究,而对其地质产状和成因以及与有关矿化的关系相对少一些。到目前为止,我国还沒有对淡红沸石进行过报导。     

我国某些煤中锗的成矿条件

绪言1.研究目的及经过随着科学技术的进步,特别是无线电尖端技术的飞跃发展,国家对作为半导体原料的锗矿资源需要愈益迫切;煤中锗为目前世界上锗的重要来源之一,且具有最大的储量。因此,对其进行系统的研究,无论在理论上或实际上都有重大的意义。本文是在对我国东部某些合锗煤进行研究的基础上,对煤中锗的地球化学特点进行讨论,试图探索煤中锗的形成条件及分布特征,以便提供可作为普查合锗煤的某些找矿标志。     

论中国沉积矿床的若干形成特点

近年来地质工作者对若干重要沉积矿床进行了不少的调查研究,认识到中国沉积矿床的若干成矿特点。因此对这些成矿特点作进一步的研究是有意义的。现在就这一方面提出以下几点意见供大家参考。     

大兴安岭北段偃尾山铜银矿床流体包裹体与矿床成因类型研究

偃尾山铜银矿床是大兴安岭北段呼中-塔源成矿带内新发现的中小型矿床。矿床围岩蚀变呈面状分布,主要蚀变类型为硅化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化、伊利石化、高岭石化和绢云母化。热液成矿期可分为三个阶段:成矿早期石英-黄铁矿阶段(含少量黄铜矿)、主成矿期石英-斑铜矿-黄铜矿-辉铜矿(含铜硫化物)阶段和成矿晚期石英-碳酸盐-萤石阶段(含少量方铅矿和闪锌矿)。该矿床流体包裹体主要为富液相包裹体,也有少量纯气相包裹体,未见含子矿物包裹体。主成矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度为155℃~342℃,峰值集中在160℃~230℃,冰点温度在﹣3.3℃~﹣0.3℃,盐度为0.53%NaC_(leqv)~5.41%Na Cleqv;流体成分以K~+、Na~+、SO_4~(2-)为主,含少量Ca~(2+)和Cl~-,气相成分以H_2O为主,含少量的CO_2;流体δ~(18)O在-11.8‰~-13.72‰之间,δD变化范围在-105‰~-137‰之间。总体上,成矿流体为低温低盐度流体,流体来源主要是大气降水,成矿流体和矿床蚀变-矿化特征显示本矿床可能为高硫型浅成低温热液矿床。流体压力的突然降低可能是成矿物质沉淀的主要机制。偃尾山矿床可能代表了区域上同时代一种新的矿床类型,后续深入研究将有助于认识该区域成矿规律和找矿方向。     

内蒙古白乃庙矿田十四万金矿床流体包裹体研究

十四万金矿床是白乃庙矿田徐尼乌苏金矿化带内重要的石英脉型金矿,矿体产于EW向韧性剪切带的次级NE向断裂.成矿过程划分为3个阶段:早阶段形成无矿石英脉,石英遭受明显压应力作用,包裹体类型包括富水溶液型、富碳质型、纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为260～420℃,平均盐度6.78%NaCl eqv;中阶段为硫化物-方解石-绿泥石-绢云母-细粒石英组合,充填早阶段石英的裂隙,未遭受明显应力作用,包裹体类型为富水溶液型和纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为140～260℃,平均盐度7.22%NaCl eqv;晚阶段形成方解石脉,仅有富水溶液型包裹体,包裹体均一温度为140～180℃,平均盐度2.15%NaCl eqv.激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气相成份主要为CO_2、CH_4和少量N2.早阶段成矿流体为富碳质流体,成分为CH_4+CO_2+H_2O,中阶段流体为富水流体,成分为H_2O+CH_4,早、中阶段均发生了流体沸腾作用,早阶段强烈的沸腾作用使流体CO_2和CH_4含量降低,中阶段方解石沉淀使CO_2含量进一步降低,并导致了硫化物沉淀和金矿化.十四万金矿床流体包裹体特征、矿床地质特征均与造山型矿床一致,为造山型金矿,成矿流体可能源于徐尼乌苏组浅变质作用产生的变质流体,成矿构造背景可能为二叠纪末-三叠纪初华北板块与西伯利亚板块间的陆陆碰撞造山体制.     

贵州太平洞金矿床流体包裹体特征及流体不混溶机制

太平洞金矿床是兴仁-安龙金矿带灰家堡金矿区的重要卡林型金矿之一。流体包裹体研究证明,石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-毒砂阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-方解石-雄黄阶段(Ⅲ)的包裹体类型丰富,以气液水两相包裹体、CO₂-H₂O包裹体和纯液相水包裹体为主,CO₂两相包裹体、纯气相有机质包裹体和有机质-H₂O包裹体次之,偶见气液有机质包裹体。由Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ阶段,气液水包裹体均一温度(200～260℃→180～240℃→100～160℃)呈现逐渐降低的趋势。在Ⅰ阶段的石英中,只在局部偶见到CO₂-H₂O包裹体和气液两相水包裹体共生;在Ⅱ阶段的石英中,纯液相水包裹体、气液两相盐水包裹体、CO₂-H₂O包裹体、CO₂包裹体及纯气相有机质包裹体共存,它们共生在同一平面中且气液两相盐水包裹体和CO₂-H₂O包裹体测温数据相差不大,说明当时捕获的是不均匀成矿流体,它是由含有机质的成矿流体经历了CO₂-低盐度水的不混溶作用形成的。因而认为,太平洞金矿床中成矿早期流体不混溶作用不明显,主成矿阶段流体的不混溶作用是导致金矿质沉淀的重要原因。     

湘赣边界鹿井铀矿床流体包裹体及成矿机制

位于南岭成矿带南西部的鹿井矿床是华南热液型铀矿的典型代表.为查明其成矿流体来源、性质与演化以及成矿机制,开展了不同成矿阶段石英、萤石及方解石中流体包裹体的显微测温和不同阶段石英的氢?氧同位素分析.矿床地质特征表明成矿过程可划分为(I)粗晶石英+黄铁矿±绿泥石±绢云母、(II)沥青铀矿+硫化物+绿泥石+绢云母+暗灰色微晶...     

内蒙古敖汉旗金路金矿床地质特征及成矿流体研究

金路金矿床位于华北克拉通和中亚造山带的结合部位,矿体受北东向韧-脆性断裂控制,赋矿围岩为太古宇小塔子沟组变质岩和三叠纪片麻状二长花岗岩。以流体包裹体和电子探针分析为研究手段,讨论了成矿流体的特征、演化及其与金矿化的关系。其热液成矿过程可划分为乳白色石英阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ阶段)和碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ阶段) 4个阶段,自然金主要产于Ⅲ阶段的石英和黄铁矿中,以粒间金、裂隙金和包体金的形式产出,成色较高。石英中原生包裹体主要有水溶液包裹体、含微量CO2水包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型。Ⅰ阶段石英中以水溶液包裹体和含微量CO2水包裹体为主,均一温度较高,为365～405℃,盐度为7. 9%～11. 7%,密度为0. 61～0. 70 g/cm3;Ⅱ阶段石英中3种类型包裹体均发育,均一温度为335～390℃,盐度为4. 3%～36. 1%,密度为0. 62～0. 79 g/cm3;Ⅲ阶段(主阶段)石英中发育3种类型包裹体,均一温度为270～367℃,盐度为1. 7%～37. 8%,密度为0. 64～1. 1 g/cm3。成矿流体属H2O-Na Cl-CO2体系,成矿温度和流体盐度呈逐渐降低趋势,密度则呈现逐渐增大趋势。根据流体包裹体岩相学特征和矿床地质特征,认为流体沸腾作用和硫化作用是本矿区金沉淀成矿的主要机制。综合分析认为矿床成因类型为岩浆热液矿床。     

Geological and Fluid Inclusion Constraints on Gold Deposition Processes of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit, hosted mainly by Late Jurassic granitoids on Jiaodong Peninsula in eastern China, contains an estimated 170 t of gold and is one of the largest deposits within the Zhaoping fracture zone. The orebodies consist of auriferous altered pyrite–sericite–quartz granites that show Jiaojia-type (i.e., disseminated and veinlet) mineralization. Mineralization and alteration are structurally controlled by the NE- to NNE-striking Linglong detachment fault. The mineralization can be divided into four stages: (K-feldspar)–pyrite–sericite–quartz, quartz–gold–pyrite, quartz–gold–polymetallic sulfide, and quartz–carbonate, with the majority of the gold being produced in the second and third stages. Based on a combination of petrography, microthermometry, and laser Raman spectroscopy, three types of fluid inclusion were identified in the vein minerals: NaCl–H2O (A-type), CO2–H2O–NaCl (AC-type), and pure CO2 (PC-type). Quartz crystals in veinlets that formed during the first stage contain mainly AC-type fluid inclusions, with rare PC-type inclusions. These fluid inclusions homogenize at temperatures of 251°C–403°C and have low salinities of 2.2–9.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. Quartz crystals that formed in the second and third stages contain all three types of fluid inclusions, with total homogenization temperatures of 216°C–339°C and salinities of 1.8–13.8 wt% NaCl equivalent for the second stage and homogenization temperatures of 195°C–321°C and salinities of 1.4–13.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for the third stage. In contrast, quartz crystals that formed in the fourth stage contains mainly A-type fluid inclusions, with minor occurrences of AC-type inclusions; these inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 106°C–287°C and salinities of 0.5–7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent. Gold in the ore-forming fluids may have changed from Au(HS)0 as the dominant species under acidic conditions and at relatively high temperatures and fO2 in the early stages, to Au(HS)2– under neutral-pH conditions at lower temperatures and fO2 in the later stages. The precipitation of gold and other metals is inferred to be caused by a combination of fluid immiscibility and water–rock interaction.     

Evolution of Hydrothermal System at the Dizon Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Zambales, Philippines

Abstract. Evolution of hydrothermal system from initial porphyry Cu mineralization to overlapping epithermal system at the Dizon porphyry Cu‐Au deposit in western central Luzon, Zambales, Philippines, is documented in terms of mineral paragen‐esis, fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry, and sulfur isotope systematics. The paragenetic stages throughout the deposit are summarized as follows; 1) stockwork amethystic quartz veinlets associated with chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite and Au enveloped by chlorite alteration overprinting biotite alteration, 2) stockwork quartz veinlets with chalcopyrite and pyrite associated with Au and chalcopyrite and pyrite stringers in sericite alteration, 3) stringer quartz veinlets associated with molybdenite in sericite alteration, and 4) WNW‐trending quartz veins associated with sphalerite and galena at deeper part, while enargite and stibnite at shallower levels associated with advanced argillic alteration. Chalcopyrite and bornite associated with magnetite in quartz veinlet stockwork (stage 1) have precipitated initially as intermediate solid solution (iss) and bornite solid solution (bnss), respectively. Fluid inclusions in the stockwork veinlet quartz consist of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. Halite in polyphase inclusions dissolves at temperatures ranging from 360d?C to >500d?C but liquid (brine) and gas (vapor) do not homogenize at <500d?C. The maximum pressure and minimum temperature during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets are estimated to be 460 bars and 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet stockwork quartz enveloped in sericite alteration (stage 2) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. In addition to the possible presence of saturated NaCl crystals at the time of entrapment of fluid inclusions that exhibit the liquid‐vapor homogenization temperatures lower than the halite dissolution temperatures in some samples, wide range of temperatures of halite dissolution and liquid‐vapor homogenization of polyphase inclusions from 230d?C to >500d?C and from 270d?C to >500d?C, respectively, suggests heterogeneous entrapment of gaseous vapor and hypersaline brine. The minimum pressure and temperature are estimated to be about 25 bars and 245d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with molybdenite (stage 3) are dominated by gas‐rich inclusions accompanied with minor liquid‐rich inclusions that homogenize at temperatures between 350d?C and 490d?C. Fluid inclusions in vuggy veinlet quartz associated with stibnite (stage 4) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions with subordinate polyphase inclusions that do not homogenize below 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite (stage 4) are composed of liquid‐rich two‐phase inclusions, and they homogenize into liquid phase at temperatures ranging widely from 190d?C to 300d?C (suggesting boiling) and the salinity ranges from 1.0 wt% to 3.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. A pressure of about 15 bars is estimated for the dilute aqueous solution of 190d?C from which veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite precipitated. In addition to a change in temperature‐pressure regime from lithostatic pressure during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets to hydrostatic pressure during fracture‐controlled quartz veinlet associated with galena and sphalerite, a decrease in pressure is supposed to have occurred due to unroofing or removal of the overlying piles during the temperature decrease in the evolution of hydrothermal system. The majority of the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides ranges from ±0 % to +5 %. Sulfur originated from an iso‐topically uniform and homogeneous source, and the mineralization occurred in a single hydrothermal system.     

内蒙浩尧尔忽洞金矿流体包裹体和矿床成因研究

内蒙浩尧尔忽洞金矿中比鲁特岩组一、二岩性段是主要的赋矿层位,岩石类型有炭质变粉砂岩、粉砂质板岩、炭质板岩和千枚岩等。该组中Au含量是地壳丰度值的7.14倍,且碳含量较高,介于1%~7%之间。矿化过程分为4个阶段:早期石英脉阶段包裹体均一温度245.2~323.3℃,石英-黄铁矿阶段均一温度为236.9~317.5℃,石英-多金属硫化物阶段均一温度231.7~324.5℃,石英-碳酸盐阶段均一温度187.6~312.9℃。激光拉曼显微探针分析结果显示,气液两相包裹体中液相成分主要为H₂O,含少量CO₂;气相成分主要为CO₂,含少量的CH₄和N₂。氢、氧同位素特征表明成矿流体与岩浆热液关系密切。气相成分中大量有机成分可能是岩浆上侵促使地层中有机质发生热降解而生成的。矿床类型属于黑色岩系型金矿,与中亚成矿带的黑色岩系型金矿具有很高的可比性。      

胶东水旺庄金矿床成矿机制:来自S-H-O同位素和流体包裹体的制约

为探讨胶东水旺庄金矿床成因,对载金黄铁矿和石英进行了S-H-O同位素组成及流体包裹体的测试分析,研究表明:黄铁矿δ34S介于7.0‰~8.5‰,流体的δD介于-91.7‰~-82.6‰,δ18O介于2.6‰~5.6‰,发育气-液两相流体包裹体、含CO₂流体包裹体和含子矿物流体包裹体等3类,流体盐度介于1.2%~13.8%（NaCl_eq）,均一温度主要集中于290~350 ℃,成矿期流体为中高温、低盐度的H₂O-CO₂-NaCl±CH₄体系,具有深部岩浆来源特征.流体的不混溶或沸腾作用导致了金的沉淀富集.受中生代太平洋板块俯冲及后撤影响,胶东地区发生了大规模岩浆活动和强烈的地壳隆升,所产生的热隆-伸展构造为该区大规模金矿集中爆发成矿提供了有利条件.在主拆离断层中主要形成破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床,在主拆离断层下盘主要形成石英脉型金矿床.      

山东玲珑九曲金矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究

山东玲珑九曲金矿床位于金矿田的东部,属石英脉--蚀变岩型金矿床,矿化分为4 个阶段,黄铁矿--石英脉阶段,石英--黄铁矿阶段,多金属硫化物阶段和石英--碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,九曲金矿床主成矿阶段石英中发育气液两相和含CO2 三相包裹体,也可见少量的富气相包裹体。气液两相包裹体均一温度范围为133. 5 ℃ ～ 325. 7 ℃,峰值为290 ℃ ～ 310 ℃,盐度为2. 80% ～ 17. 82% NaCl; 含CO2 三相包裹体均一温度范围为236. 5 ℃ ～ 315 ℃,出现两个峰值,为230 ℃ ～ 240 ℃和310 ℃ ～ 320 ℃,盐度为0. 41% ～ 8. 92%NaCl; 富气相包裹体均一温度范围为222. 1 ℃ ～ 236. 4 ℃,峰值为230 ℃ ～ 240 ℃,盐度为7. 71% ～ 9. 98%NaCl。综合地质条件、矿床特征和包裹体显微测温结果认为: 九曲金矿床成矿流体为中温、中低盐度的NaCl --H2O --CO2 型体系,矿床属中温岩浆热液成因类型。