矢量剪切技术在地质三维建模中的应用

三维地质建模方法是地学三维模拟与可视化系统的核心和难点。基于BSP树的矢量剪切的原理及算法,提出了利用矢量剪切技术快速构建复杂的地质体开挖模型,可视化表达地质体内部信息的方法,并以地质开挖工程及三维地层分析为例,验证了算法的高效性和实用性。     

移动立方体算法的地质体三维空间形态模拟

针对地质勘察中地质体采样数据离散且不完备,基于这些数据难于构建地质体三维模型的问题,一种基于Marching Cubes算法的地质体三维空间形态隐式模拟方法被提出。此方法首先运用空间插值方法,推断和预测地质体的分布趋势,构建地质体三维空间规则数据场;在此基础上,采用Marching Cubes算法实现由网格离散点到三维等值面的模拟,提取出三维地质体的光滑等值曲面;最后结合OpenGL三维可视化技术,通过计算机图形学中的微小三角面逼近来实现地质体的三维空间形态的可视化。通过实例,将这种方法应用于基于钻孔勘探数据的矿体三维空间形态模拟,快速构建了矿体三维模型,模拟结果接近于传统的手工圈定边界和进行矿体推断而建立的三维模型,证实了该方法的可行性和高效性。     

Web环境下三维复杂模型的简化与可视化方法研究

大规模三维模型数据传输和可视化是面向Web的3D GIS应用的关键技术之一。而三维复杂模型较大的数据量和有限的网络带宽又制约着大规模三维模型传输和可视化的发展。文中结合三维模型简化技术与渐进式传输可视化技术,以电力杆塔模型的简化和传输为例开展研究,并利用Cesium平台进行模型可视化,通过实验对该方法进行验证。结果表明,该方法简单、实用,模型传输和渲染效率显著提高,不同分辨率模型之间切换顺畅,使复杂精细的三维模型脱离了专业平台的束缚,在Web环境下的应用更加便捷和高效。     

地质三维体重构的算法研究及其计算机实现

三维空间建模和可视化技术成为GIS研究的热点之一。可视化技术是当今表达和分析复杂数据的有力工具,将可视化技术引入到DEM和三维地质模型,可以实现三维地形和地质体的生成与仿真。简要介绍了OpenGL三维图形工具包及其与高级语言结合编程方法,探讨了基于多轮廓线的地质三维体的建模方法,以VC++6.0高级程序设计语言为开发平台,结合OpenGL图形库,开发了地质三维体的建模实验系统。     

Web环境下房产测绘信息三维可视化技术研究

Web环境下的三维可视化技术存在诸多技术难点。相对单机及局域网环境,Web环境下的网络响应时间将很大程度上影响着三维可视化的实际效果。文章围绕这一问题,从三维建模效率和三维模型数据量两方面入手,在分析现有方法不足的基础上,结合房产测绘信息特点,提出了基于模型库的房产测绘信息三维场景实时构建方法、基于模块化和参考复用的三维建模方法,进而提出一套行之有效的解决方案,使Web环境下房产测绘信息三维可视化技术得以实用化。实验系统证明了该方法的有效性、实用性。     

基于三棱柱的三维地质体建模及可视化研究

建立可视化的三维地质模型是地质信息可视化的一个研究重点,能够为各种地质现象描述提供科学依据。本文主要研究了基于三棱柱的模型构造,提出了三棱柱的改进数据结构和切割的构形以及算法,并且在VC6.0环境下,采用OpenGL作为图形开发工具,实现了三维地质体的可视化,解决了地质体剖切和基坑开挖等问题。     

基于GIS的金属矿山采矿方法优选系统研究

传统的采矿方法选择大多由采矿专家基于二维图件进行,可视化程度不高且具有一定的主观随意性。本文研究了基于GIS技术,运用3DMine,3DMax,Super Map软件,以及二维地形地质数据构建矿山地质体三维模型的方法和过程,包括地表及矿体的三维模型,实现二三维一体化的地下矿体环境;并在上述搭建的三维可视化环境下,采用模糊数学法和层次分析法等数学理论进行采矿方法选择,使采矿方法选择的过程更直观,结果更准确。     

一种线框矢量模型表示的地质体折面剖切方法

线框模型是三维计算机图形学中重要的物体可视化表示模型,在矿山勘查软件中得到广泛的应用.该模型主要用于描述、管理复杂三维地质体.本文提出一种基于线框模型表达的地质体的折面剖切方法.本算法首先建立剖切模型;其次,计算折面剖切面与地质体之间的交线并求得其切割剖面;第三,分割原始线框模型地质体;第四,对分割后的线框模型进行模型...     

基于IDL的三维地质矿产建模

三维地质建模具有形象、直观、便捷、易操作等优点,可以缩短地质研究的周期,提高研究效率,在地质、矿产、地下施工等方面有突出的贡献。本文运用IDL语言建立了三维地质矿产可视化模型,通过建立可视化的界面对地质体实现移动、缩放、旋转操作,以及做地质剖面、水平切面动画、矿产评估、采矿后沉降分析等功能,清晰地展示了地质体内部的各个细节,突出了三维地质矿产建模在地质解译、灾害模拟、矿产评估等方面的应用价值。     

专题数据三维地形可视化Web应用的实现

GIS和Web技术的发展,促进了各类专题的三维可视化在Web上的广泛应用。专题数据三维地形可视化技术和NewMap软件的结合,可以实现海量专题三维数据在Web上的快速浏览。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。