多种因素导致中国湖泊急剧萎缩

中国著名土壤学家、中国科学院院士赵其国近日指出，种种原因造成中国湖泊面积急剧减少，生态环境恶化，湖泊资源逐渐衰竭，亟待引起高度重视。     

湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究

湖泊具有供水、渔业、旅游、维持区域生态系统平衡等功能,是支撑我国经济和社会发展的重要资源之一。但是近30年来,湖泊富营养化所导致的蓝藻水华频繁暴发,生态灾害事件频发,严重影响湖泊功能的发挥, 制约区域经济可持续发展。针对国家在保障区域水安全和生态安全、保护人民健康及建设和谐社会等方面的重大需求,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究”于2008年7月正式立项。项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括：①湖泊蓝藻水华主要衍生污染物的形成机理、迁移转化规律和毒理效应;②蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化和功能退化的机理;③蓝藻水华生态灾害评估及调控机理。针对上述科学问题,项目以蓝藻水华污染物的产生、湖泊生态系统结构与功能的响应以及生态灾害的评估与调控为研究主线,重点开展以下几个方面的研究：①蓝藻水华衍生污染物的产生及其环境过程;②蓝藻水华衍生污染物的毒理效应与生态和健康风险;③蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化与功能退化的关键过程和机制;④蓝藻水华灾害治理和调控的的技术原理和途径。项目的实施和完成将为我国湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害的预防与控制提供理论和技术原理支撑。     

南极冰盖冰下湖群——冰川学家和生命科学家共同的兴趣

自20世纪70年代初以来，采用无线电回波探测（RES）等技术，在南极冰盖发现了70多个冰下湖泊，最近，随着Vostok冰芯钻孔逼近Vostok湖面，对南极冰盖下伏湖泊的研究提上日程，Vostok湖因其面积大以及有距离湖面最近的钻孔，成为冰下湖群中被优选考虑的“靶子”湖泊，主要研究目标定位于古气候学，原始生命科学两方面，目前工作尚处于技术研制阶段，技术关键点在于研制先进的湖泊沉积物钻探技术，无污染和自动化湖水，湖芯取样技术等，技术上的高难度使得该计划成为一项系统工程。     

基于MODIS卫星数据的中亚地区水体动态监测研究

水体动态监测是当今资源与环境变化研究的一个热点与重点。及时、准确地获得水体变化信息是对湿地资源保护、利用和可持续发展的有力支持,而遥感技术的快速、周期性等特点为湿地变化监测提供了技术手段。本文的研究区是中亚地区,结合该地区的光谱和时相特征,利用三个时相的MODIS数据,采用监督分类以及人工解译等方法获取了研究区水体分布以及变化信息,并从自然和人为两方面原因对咸水湖泊、淡水湖泊以及含水沟渠的变化情况进行进一步分析评价。     

重力取样器取样技术研究

在湖泊环境研究中，淤泥质沉积物取样是一项很重要的工作，样品的取心率和原状性直接影响了环境研究的结果。重力取样器是获取湖泊、水库等水域浅层湖泊沉积物的一种经济有效、操作简单的常用工具。因此研究重力取样器的取样技术对环境研究具有积极的意义。研究了重力取样器的取样技术，并在此基础上成功设计了一种便携式的重力式取样器，非常适合环境研究机构的沉积物取样工作。     

金属元素调控在水华治理中的作用初探

对湖泊和河流等水体的富营养化及水华的形成机理、临界发生条件、治理等做了简要介绍，针对近年来兴起的生物控制治理水华的技术，结合抗菌技术的研究成果，探讨通过对湖泊水体中的微量元素，特别是抗菌金属元素的调控来治理水华的新技术的可能性。     

察尔汗盐湖钾矿资源开采中的环境问题分析与对策

依据已有调研资料，对影响和制约察尔汗盐湖钾矿资源开发的开采方式，固液转化，尾卤贫化矿层等关键矿山环境问题进行了分析，指出开展盐湖资源水盐均衡监测是防止钾矿资源贫化，实现钾矿资源有效开采，制定盐湖资源开发保护规划的基础，为盐湖资源开发和管理提供了一种较为科学的技术思路。     

中国湖泊分布特征及典型流域生态保护修复建议

湖泊是地球关键带的重要组成部分,是水循环、物质循环和能量循环的重要环节。为了解我国湖泊分布现状,依托中国地质调查局“生态地质调查工程”及其所属二级项目“全国地球关键带遥感地质调查”,利用Landsat8 OLI 等卫星影像数据,通过遥感解译等技术方法,识别了2018年我国境内(不包括香港、澳门与台湾地区)面积大于1.0 km²的湖泊2 780个,总面积78 727.9 km²; 研究统计并分析了我国各省/自治区、五大湖区、主要流域的湖泊数量、面积和分布特征; 针对典型区域的湖泊存在的生态问题进行分析,提出相关湖泊生态保护修复的相关建议。其中,北方农牧交错带湖泊大量萎缩干涸,主因是农业和畜牧业的发展,地下水超采严重,应着力减少地下水开采; 黄河流域人工湖建设存在无序发展、过度追求景观水面扩张等问题,应遵从水循环与水平衡自然规律,针对全流域水资源配置进行调控; 长江源区湖泊水面整体处于扩张状态,应以自然因素为主、人类活动干扰触发为辅,加强冻土变化过程以及主要河流的水生态、水环境监测,综合提高源区整体监测水平。研究成果为后续湖泊生态保护修复研究工作提供了参考。     

湖泊信息采集及评价方法探讨

湖泊变化急剧,历史上缺乏准确完整的湖情资料。湖泊作为一种重要水体,越来越为人类社会所重视。湖泊的治理、开发利用与保护需要权威的湖泊基础信息作依据。结合湖北省的实际作了初步探索,提出了湖泊信息采集的6大体系20个类别100余项指标,介绍了湖泊信息采集及评价方法,较全面描述湖泊状况,具有较强的实用性。     

东平县地质遗迹特征与保护建议

东平县独特的地理位置造就了丰富的地质遗迹资源,其中,区域性标准剖面、岩溶地貌、岱崮地貌、流水侵蚀和堆积地貌、湖泊、湿地、河流、泉水水体景观等地质遗迹,对研究该区地球环境变迁、山体隆升地貌、水体变迁等形成演化过程具有较高的科学价值和意义,该文在对东平县地质遗迹开发利用现状分析的基础上,提出保护建议,旨在实现地质资源的可持续利用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of