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1.
缓蚀剂浓度对饱和CO2盐溶液中咪唑啉缓蚀剂膜的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
咪唑啉及其衍生物是油田行业常用的耐二氧化碳腐蚀的缓蚀剂,其缓蚀机制主要是化学吸附作用。本文采用失重法、弱极化法、交流阻抗法等手段研究了1种新型咪唑啉缓蚀剂对Q235钢在饱和CO2盐溶液中不同浓度随时间的缓蚀行为变化,探讨了吸附膜的形成与衰减规律。结果表明:85℃存在极值浓度40 mg.L-1,此时缓蚀剂达到最佳状态,24 h即可成膜,膜寿命较长,可以维持至少120 h。 相似文献
2.
复配型席夫碱缓蚀剂对碳钢在海水中缓蚀性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设计了由邻氧乙酸苯甲醛-4-吡啶甲酰腙席夫碱80 mg/L,邻香草醛脱氢枞胺席夫碱6 mg/L,ZnSO4 50 mg/L,Tween-80 100 mg/L四元复配缓蚀剂,通过失重法、极化曲线法和电化学交流阻抗技术,研究了该复配缓蚀剂在模拟现实使用环境中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,该复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀率受海水盐度的影响不大,但该复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能受海水温度和海水流速的影响较大,当温度低于50℃和流速较低、缓蚀剂浓度为临界浓度时,缓蚀剂对碳钢有很好的抑制作用,而有锈试样和间浸实验发现高浓度的复配缓蚀剂可以抑制碳钢的腐蚀。 相似文献
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天然海水中硫酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙和APG等复合碳钢缓蚀剂的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过正交实验确定了硫酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙和 APG(C0 81 0 )复配的 3元缓蚀剂最佳复配比为4∶ 1∶ 2。用失重法测得该 3元缓蚀剂在 35 0 mg/ L时对碳钢缓蚀率为 92 .8%,但试样表面存在局部腐蚀。为了抑制试样局部腐蚀的发生 ,采用失重法从几种常用缓蚀组分中筛选出硅酸钠和钨酸钠作为 3元缓蚀剂的添加剂组成 5元缓蚀剂 ,通过正交实验确定了组分间的最佳复配比。用失重法确定了5元缓蚀剂的临界浓度为 2 80 mg/ L ,此时对碳钢缓蚀率为 93.8%,并有效抑制了局部腐蚀的发生。从而得到了天然海水中 1种有效抑制碳钢局部腐蚀的低毒、高效复合缓蚀剂。据极化曲线分析可以确定该 5元缓蚀剂是 1种抑制阳极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂。 相似文献
4.
运用极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗和失重等方法,研究了蛋氨酸对LY12铝合金在1 mol/LHCl溶液、20%CaCl2溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀抑制情况,并利用扫描电镜观察铝合金的腐蚀形貌.结果表明,铝合金在前述3种腐蚀介质中均发生不同程度的腐蚀,添加缓蚀剂蛋氨酸后,会不同程度地抑制铝合金的腐蚀.随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加,缓蚀效率增大,特别是在1 mol/L HCl溶液、20%CaCl2溶液中,当缓蚀剂浓度达到0.01 mol/L时缓蚀效率达到90%以上. 相似文献
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采用失重法、电化学方法以及表面观察方法对比研究了含辣素衍生结构疏水缔合聚合物P(AM-MAA-AMPSHDDE-SA)(PAMAHS)和聚丙烯酰胺对Q235钢在CO_2饱和的模拟油田采出水中的缓蚀性能。实验结果表明:相较于聚丙烯酰胺,PAMAHS对碳钢在油田水中的腐蚀具有较好的抑制作用,其缓蚀率随着聚合物浓度的增加而增大,缓蚀剂浓度为500mg·L~(-1)时,缓蚀效率能达到80.64%。因此,PAMAHS是一种混合抑制型缓蚀剂,其分子可以吸附在金属表面,形成一层具有保护作用的吸附膜,从而起到减缓腐蚀的作用。PAMAHS在碳钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式。 相似文献
6.
海水介质中碳钢缓蚀剂的研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
用正交实验法 ,对所选的磷酸盐、葡萄糖酸钙、硫酸锌、十二烷基硫酸钠、对氨基苯磺酰胺、丹宁酸、四硼酸钠及钼酸钠等 8种成分对海水中碳钢的复配缓蚀效果进行了研究 ,筛选出用磷酸盐、葡萄糖酸钙和硫酸锌组成的复合配方。结果表明 ,由 10 0× 10 -6葡萄糖酸钙 ,30 0× 10 -6硫酸锌和 2 0 0× 10 -6磷酸盐组成的复配缓蚀剂 ,对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率可达 89.0 9%。 相似文献
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本工作采用2.4mV/s动态电位扫描极化、控制电位极化、电偶电流和高压釜挂片失重法研究了X60钢在含Ca~(2+)36.26mg/L,Mg~(2+)12.66mg/L和Cl~-3624mg/L的模拟氯化钠盐水中,CO_2引起腐蚀的电化学行为,以及含氮、硫的有机缓蚀剂和(或)Me~(2+)对腐蚀的抑制作用。结果表明:溶有CO_2的盐水腐蚀性强,盐浓度及温度会影响钢的腐蚀速度和阴极极化行为;75mg/L缓蚀剂的缓蚀率达90%,服从Langmuir吸附等温式;50mg/L缓蚀剂与127mg/LMe~(2+)复配,缓蚀率达91%以上,不服从Langmuir吸附等温式。 相似文献
10.
甲壳素钠/羧甲基纤维素钠共混复合纳滤膜的制备及性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以甲壳素钠和羧甲基纤维素钠共混液为铸膜液,在聚丙烯腈超滤底膜上流延成膜,以丙三醇三缩水甘油醚(PTGE)的乙醇溶液为交联剂交联制得一种新型的复合纳滤膜。该膜的最佳制备条件为:甲壳素钠溶液与羧甲基纤维素钠溶液质量混合比为2∶1,交联剂丙三醇三缩水甘油醚浓度为0.6%,在50℃交联20 h。膜负电荷来源于底膜部分水解。膜的静电位为-0.12 mV,电压渗系数为-13.07 mV/MPa;截留分子量为610 g.mol-1,膜孔半径约0.7 nm。该膜对电解质溶液的截留性能主要决定于荷负电膜对不同电解质离子之间的静电作用力大小。 相似文献
11.
营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响.营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比.毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。 相似文献
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A. P. Tolstosheev 《Physical Oceanography》2009,19(6):358-365
A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based
on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to
three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors
corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result
of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate
the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting
buoys. 相似文献
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An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled. 相似文献
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1992年,联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念,并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标,而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中,沿海国家面临着巨大的困难,即:为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部(MOMAF)。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察,即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力,特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作,文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。 相似文献
15.
天然气水合物地球化学特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
19.
Values of root mean square slope 0 and its variations -0 are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When 0 and -0 are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5 相似文献
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Yu. D. Chashechkin 《Physical Oceanography》2011,20(5):317-324
The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of
equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We
also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal
to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly
perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order
of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number
of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs
in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components
of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different. 相似文献