高分辨率立体测绘卫星技术研究

本文针对高精度立体测绘卫星设计和实现中的关键技术难点,在充分分析国内外测绘卫星的发展历程和技术特点的基础上,结合测绘卫星的设计关键——高图像定位精度技术实现,对高分辨率立体测绘卫星的设计约束条件、测绘体制选取、卫星载荷和平台关键产品的设计重点难点等进行了分析研究。分析指出了三线阵测绘体制、两线阵测绘体制和单线阵测绘体制的技术特点、实现约束和在测绘卫星不同发展阶段的工程实现优势;明确了基于目前工程技术水平,两线阵测绘体制在大范围、高分辨率、高精度测绘卫星中应用的特有优势。提出了测绘卫星高定位精度关键技术的设计要素和解决途径。结合国内首颗亚米级高精度立体测绘卫星——高分七号（GF-7）卫星的设计状态,说明卫星在保证测绘任务要求方面所提出的多项技术创新,并给出卫星用户对卫星在国土测绘及其他扩展应用中的测试结果。在轨数据表明,依照本论文提出的高分辨率立体测绘卫星系统设计方法,高分七号卫星在轨性能全面满足且部分优于设计指标,达到了世界的领先水平。论文的研究成果为后续更大比例尺的立体测绘卫星设计提供了有力参考。

The study of high resolution stereo mapping satellite

This paper is targeted at the key and different technology appeared in system design and manufacture of high resolution stereo mapping satellite. On the basis of analyzing the development history and technical characteristic of mapping satellite both at home and abroad, and according to achievement of the high image positioning accuracy which is the key design of the mapping satellite, the paper shows the result of research about the design of high resolution stereo mapping satellite, such as design constraints, choose of the mapping system, and key and difficult points of design for both payload and platform products.The paper analyses the different special technique and engineering constraints of three line array camera system, two line array camera system, and single line array camera system. Since the satellite with single line array camera system can't fulfilling large area' mapping requirement, and it also have difficult on getting steady performance, the two or three line array camera systems are chosen by different contries' special satellites with main task of mapping the earth. Considering the carrying capacity of satellite platform, to get high precision and high resolution stereo image, the two line array camera system is thought to be the best choice at this time. The paper gives out the design elements and achievement methods for high image positioning accuracy, such as orbit measurement, attitude measure and control, time measure and synchronization, camera inner elements, and it also gives out the detail about the influence of every element.Then the paper gives the design of the GF-7 satellite which is designed according to two line array camera system, and is the first stereo mapping satellite with sub-meter level resolution of China. After gives out the performance requirements to the satellite, and its major components also was shown. The paper shows the technical innovation of satellite which is to fulfil the requirement of satellite mapping task, such as new mapping system with both active and passive imaging, high resolution mapping camera, new laser altimeter, high precision attitude measure and control system, and high speed date transmission ability.At last, the image quality test results about GF-7 satellite images are given out by difficult consumers, including: Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and National Bureau of Statistics. The test results show that due to the research results which given out by this paper, GF-7 satellite works very well in orbit, the actual image positioning accuracy is better than initial requirement. The satellite image can be used to produce 1:10000 scale map, make investigation to city's three dimensional transportation, measure the highway's altitude, and check the variety of agricultural land. The satellite performance is better than the task's requirement, and reaches the world leading level. The research results in this paper can be a strong reference to the design of larger scale stereo mapping satellite in the future. © 2021, Science Press. All right reserved.