中国交通枢纽空间布局的评价、优化与模拟

交通枢纽是综合运输体系的重要构成部分之一，合理的交通枢纽布局对于构建高效的综合运输体系具有重要的意义。交通枢纽的布局优化问题历来是交通运输工程学和交通地理学领域的一个研究热点。然而，当前有关交通枢纽布局的研究多局限于同一种交通运输方式，存在条块分割、重复建设乃至互相矛盾的问题。本研究立足于区域综合交通枢纽，研究首先确定影响交通枢纽布局的各评价指标，建立了由3 大类20 项指标构成的综合评价指标体系，以全国337 个地级行政区为基本单元，利用最大化覆盖模型，在科学评价综合交通枢纽布局潜力的基础上，识别出80 km、120 km、160 km和200 km 4 组服务半径约束下中国综合交通枢纽的最佳布局数量及其空间分布，从中归纳交通枢纽布局数量同目标函数值之间的一般规律，并最终优选出适合我国当前最优布局的42 个交通枢纽。研究对优选的42 个交通枢纽进行等级体系的划分和空间效应的模拟，分别从服务的空间范围和服务的社会经济要素进行分析，结果表明其所服务的国土面积、人口和GDP均优于国家规划集成的枢纽。

Evaluation,Optimization and Simulation of the Spatial Layout of Transport Hubs in China

Transport hubs are important elements of an integrated transportation system. How to locate transport hubs rationally has great significance to construct an efficient integrated transportation system. The layout optimization of transport hubs has been a focus field of transportation engineering and transportation geography. However, the current research on transport hubs' layout has limits to one single transport mode and has not considered the integration of all transport modes. As a result, the transport hubs' construction has the problem of fragmentation, duplication and even contradictory. Based on regional comprehensive transport hubs, this paper designs a series of indices, composed of 20 indicators. All these 20 indicators belong to three categories: transport network, passenger and freight traffic, and socio-economic development. The basic unit is 337 prefecture-level cities, and the maximum coverage model is adopted (one of the spatial layout optimization models). Under the condition of limited space, the model tries to find a way to locate infrastructure with the aim of making people as many as possible enjoy infrastructure service in a certain distance. First, this paper evaluates the potential of the 337 prefecture level cities for being comprehensive transport hubs with the maximum coverage model, and then identifies the optimal number of comprehensive transport hubs and their spatial distribution with the service radius of 80 km, 120 km, 160 km and 200 km separately. Second, the paper summarizes the general rules between the number of transport hubs and the objective values, and finally chooses 42 transport hubs for China. Third, this paper divides the hierarchy of the 42 transport hubs and simulates their spatial effect of area, population, and GDP, and the result shows better than that of the comprehensive transport hubs by national planning.