基于要素分析的国家历史文化名城格局中心性研究

基于全国119座国家历史文化名城的空间格局,在格局中心与行政归属、交通可达与空间破碎度、时间成本矩阵与最优市场选择等关键性指标和分析方法上,对行政条件、交通条件、市场条件影响下的国家历史文化名城中心性、中心职能、中心格局、服务市场范围进行解释和分析。结果发现：国家历史文化名城受制于全国范围内多中心分布和县级、地级的行政归属,其发展格局呈现大范围离散和小范围集聚版块的景观形态,地级名城格局中心向东部地区稍有偏离,县级名城格局中心向西部地区明显偏离。交通条件影响下的国家历史文化名城格局呈大范围集聚和局部离散的面状形态,格局中心虽然也因时间距离差异出现东部偏离、南部偏离的特征,但偏离的波动情况远远低于行政条件的影响水平。市场原则影响下的国家历史文化名城格局发展呈现错综复杂的网状形态和地域相关的区位特征,格局中心或区域中心性在全国不同地区表现出不同的地域特征。名城格局中心在不同要素下分布的不同特点是名城发展中区域自发集聚与行政手段管理调控、基础设施建设引导等相互博弈的结果。行政职能下降,交通职能、市场职能增长是未来的发展趋势。

Distribution Centrality of National Historic Cities Based on Element Analysis

with the help of key indexes and market analysis methods, such as distribution center, administrative ownership, transport accessibility, spatial fragmentation, time cost matrix and the optimal market selections, the centrality, the center function, the distribution center and the reachable domain of service markets of national historical cities were studied based on its spatial pattern of 119 national historical cities. The results indicated that the different characteristics and central influences of national historic city existed compared with the other cities. Firstly, because of the restriction of the ownership at the county level and the prefecture level, the developing distribution of national historical cities showed discrete characteristics in large scope while gathering landscape form in small range of area. What is more, the distribution center of national historical cities at the prefecture level showed a slight deviation to the eastern China while those at the county level showed a great deviation to the western China. Secondly, though the distribution center of national historical cities showed its deviating characteristics to the eastern and southern China due to different time cost, the deviation fluctuations and influence level was much lower than the influence of the administrative conditions. Thirdly, the developing distribution of national historical cities showed a complicated mesh network and location features were highly related to the regional characteristic, and the distribution centers and the centrality showed great differences in different regions. Last but not least, the influence of the centrality of national historical cities which caused by the administration, transportation and market will change a lot in the future, the administrative function decline, and the traffic function and the marketing function escalate may be the trend of development.