固定化微藻对改善养殖水质和增强对虾抗病力的研究

引入固定化波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)和微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)于凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)养殖环境中，检测与凡纳对虾抗病力有关因子的变化和测定主要水质因子，研究固定化微藻改善养殖水质对对虾抗病力的影响。结果表明：引入固定化波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻的藻珠能改善水质，凡纳对虾的血细胞数目，血清蛋白的含量以及酚氧化酶、溶菌酶、抗菌酶的活性都较对照组显著提高。固定化波吉卵囊藻对氨氮的吸收能力较强，而固定化微绿球藻对亚硝酸盐氮的吸收能力较强。试验期间固定化波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻的褐藻胶藻珠中的生物量分别增加了约10倍和17倍，证明它们的生理活性不会因固定化而受干扰。因此，固定化微藻可应用于虾池微藻生态调控防病。

Studies on Immobilized Microalgae Improving Culture Water Quality and Strengthening Anti-disease Ability of Prawn

Immobilized Oocystis borgei and Nannochloris oculata are artificially introduced into the culture system of Penaeus vannamei, then the changes of factors that relate to the anti- disease ability of prawn are inspected and the main water quality factors are measured to study the influence of immobilized microalgae improving culture water quality on the anti-disease ability of prawn . The results show: Introducing the algal-beads of Oocystis borgei and Nannochloris oculata into the cultural environment of prawn can improve the water quality. The number of blood cells, the content of blood serum protein and the activity of phenoloxidase, antibacterial enzyme and lysozyme are dramatically improved in contrast to the control group. The absorbing effect of immobilized Oocystis borgei to NH4+-N is bigger than Nannochloris oculata and that of immobilized Nannochloris oculata to NO2--N is bigger than Oocystis borgei. The biomass of immobilized Oocystis borgei and Nannochloris oculata increased about 15 and 18 times during the experiment respectively. This proved that the physiological conditions of the immobilized algal cells are not interrupted by the immobilization. Thus, the immobilized microalgae can be used to microalgae-ecology control to prevent prawn diseases in the shrimp pond.