黑河上游地区气候变化对径流量的影响研究

近42年来,黑河上游年流量呈增多趋势,其中以冬季最为明显,但总体上相对稳定,丰枯转换颇为平衡;降水量是影响黑河上游流量的最主要因子,夏季降水量的增加与夏季流量的增加关系密切,而夏季流量的增加最终影响到了年流量的增加;气温的升高特别是秋季气温的升高导致了高山冰雪消融量的增大,进而使非汛期流量增加,同时加大流域蒸发量特别是夏季蒸发量,增加了地表水资源的消耗,并对降水增加造成的年径流量增加起到削弱作用.

Inflence of Climatic Change on Flow over the Upper Reaches of Heihe River

The annual flow over the upper reaches of the Heihe River shows increasing in the recent 42 years, which is extremely significant in winter, but all in all, it is relatively stable, the conversion of abundant and rare year is fairly balanced. Precipitation is the primary factor to impact the flow of the upper reaches of the Heihe Riv- er, the increasing of precipitation is closely related to the increasing of flow in summer, and the increasing of flow in summer impacts the increasing of annual flow. The ascending of air temperature, especially in autumn, causes the enlargement of snow melting of high mountain, and therefore makes flow increase during the non-flood period, which accelerates the river basin evaporation, especially in summer, and also makes the depletion of ground water resource increasing, and has a elimination function for the annual flow increasing caused by the precipitation.