国外空间规划研究与实践的新动向 及对我国的启示

空间规划是可持续发展必不可少的公共管理工具。20世纪90年代以来,人们认识到空间规划应该具有协调和整合空间发展的功能,而不仅仅是部门性的土地利用管理体系;应该关注地域的可持续发展,而不是一味地追求增长;应该关注不同利益人之间共识的形成,而不是简单地分析一定地域空间开发的适宜性和先后顺序。20世纪90年代以来国外空间规划实践的一些新动向： a) 重新分配空间规划的权利和职能; b)注重全纳性的参与; c) 重视空间规划的协调与整合; d)强化空间规划的环境维度; e)增强空间规划的灵活性。基于此对我国的空间规划实践得到几点启示： a)空间发展的战略框架和行动计划相结合; b)形成适合于我国的规划参与机制; c)在增强规划约束性的基础上增加灵活性; d)强化区域层次的空间规划; e)突出空间规划的公共管理职能。

The New Trends of Spatial Planning Research and Practice in Developed Countries and Their Inspirations to China

Spatial planning is an essential tool for sustainable development, and will evolve as the social reality changes. After 1990s, rapid social and economic developments have made the world more complex and uncertain, and thus resulted in the evolvement of spatial planning. Criticism on rational planning and traditional spatial planning, advocacy of sustainable development strategy, and institutional reforms in economic, social and environmental management make people realize that spatial planning should be a strategic and holistic tool for space governance and sustainable development, rather than a departmental one for land use management; should focus on the building of consensus among different stakeholders, rather than analyzing the feasibility and seqence of space development; and should aim at development rather than e-conomic growth. New trends of spatial planning in developed countries have been emerging since 1990s: a) redistributing powers and functions of spatial planning according to governance theory; b) inclusive participating in the whole process of spatial planning formation and implementation; c) stressing cooperation of departmental framework and integration of different scalar spatial planning resources and tools; d) emphasizing on integrating environmental concerns into spatial planning; and e) formulating more flexible spatial plans and bringing more flexibility to implementations of them. The inspirations to spatial planning practice in China are given as follows: a) harmonizing strategic frameworks and action schemes; b) formulating participation mechanisms relevant to China; c) paying great attention to flexibility of plans as well as to their binding characteristics; d) intensifying spatial planning in regional level; and e) highlighting the public management function of spatial planning, and integrating it with market instruments.