山地旅游小镇功能转型与重构的时空特征研究——-以黄山风景区汤口镇为例

山地旅游小镇是新时代乡村发展的重要类型,功能转型与空间重构是山地旅游小镇转型发展的核心内容之一。本研究采取参与式农村评估方法、GIS空间分析和高清遥感影像相结合的方法,以汤口镇为例,从微观尺度研究山区旅游乡村功能转型与空间重构的过程与格局。研究显示:(1)汤口镇生活功能由传统型向现代型转变,生产功能由农业主导型过渡到农旅融合型再向旅游主导型转变,生态功能由单一型向多元复合型转变。(2)旅游经济发达镇区相较于边缘乡村社区,旅居综合混质度较低。其中,旅游与居住时间分配相对均衡,宅屋空间倾斜于旅游,社群上融合度高,各区域间各混质维度存在差异。(3)汤口镇经历了旅游空间引入、生成、快速重构和导控更新4个重构阶段。该研究可为汤口镇村镇建设和旅游发展提供参考,也为下一步研究其转型发展的模式与机制奠定基础。

Research on Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Functional Transformation and Reconstruction in Mountain Tourism Towns--A Case of Tangkou Town,Huangshan Scenic Spot

Mountain tourism town is an important type of rural development in the new era.Functional transformation and spatial restructuring are one of the core contents of the transformation development in mountain tourism town.This study was conducted based on participatory rural assessment,GIS analysis and HD remote sensing images.It,taking Tangkou Town as a case,focused on functional transformation and spatial restructuring process and pattern of mountain tourism settlements from micro scale.The results were as follows:(1)The life function of Tangkou Town had changed from tradition to modernization,the production function had changed from agricultural-oriented to agricultural-integrated and then to tourism-oriented,and the ecological function had changed from a single function to multiple functions.(2)Compared with the marginal rural communities,the town centre with more developed tourism economy had a lower degree of tourism-live mixed-use.Among them,the tourism-live time was relatively balanced,the tourism-live space was inclined to tourism,the tourism-live population was highly integrated,and there were differences in the tourism-live mixed-use between regions.Specifically,in terms of the tourism-live time,Shancha,Tangkou,Zhaixi,Fangcun and Gangcun were in descending order.In terms of the tourism-live space,Gangcun,Tangkou,Fangcun,Zhaixi and Shancha were in descending order.In terms of the tourism-live population,Tangkou,Fangcun,Zhaixi,Shancha and Gangcun were in descending order.(3)This study analyzed the process and pattern of spatial restructuring in Tangkou Town since 1979,and had experienced four restructuring stages:1979-1986 was the stage of tourism space introduction,1987-1997 was the stage of tourism space generation,1998-2006 was the stage of tourism space rapid restructuring,2007-2017 was the stage of tourism space guidance and control.This study could provide a reference for the construction and tourism development of Tangkou Town,and also lay the foundation for the further study on the mode and mechanism of its transformation development.