Biodiversity conservation in the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalayan mountain region of northern Pakistan:Overview of big mammal protection

The high mountains of northern Pakistan comprise the western section of the Hindu KushKarakoram-Himalayas(HKH) region of South and Central Asia. They are home to some rare and endangered species of fauna and flora which form an important link in the biodiversity of the region as a whole. Increasing population and changing life styles in recent decades have brought unprecedented pressures on the biodiversity of this region. Along with the government, the non-governmental organizations(NGOs) and communities have a crucial role to play in conserving biodiversity. In this regard,a number of undertakings to protect depleting species have been initiated by governmental and nongovernmental entities. These efforts are commendable and some have produced positive results, but many exist on a small scale and, with a few exceptions, are not self-sustaining. This paper reports on some of these initiatives of conserving big mammal species like the Astor markhor, Blue sheep,Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan ibex and Snow leopard, with the aim of collating and highlighting them, identifying gaps in conservation and suggesting a way forward so as to promote conservation projects on a larger and more sustainable basis.