黑河分水计划对临泽绿洲种植业结构调整及生态稳定发展的影响——以黑河中游的临泽县平川灌区为例

黑河分水计划及用水商品化的实施,对绿洲种植业结构调整、节水降耗和退耕,有着较大的积极作用.但也相应出现了一些不可忽视的问题,如在调水方式及适宜时段的合理选择、供需水之间矛盾的有效处置以及流域水资源合理高效利用模式的建立等方面还有待进一步研究.特别是在水资源短缺和市场经济的双重作用下,过度开采地下水以及追逐短期利益行为有所加重,进而导致地下水位波动性变化幅度加大和低效的公益性生态建设与发展受到较大的制约,尤其是荒漠绿洲交错地带的生态环境及生产条件在分水后显现诸多不适宜或退化迹象,并有恶化发展的趋势.

Effect of Water Allocation of the Heihe River on Plan Structure and Stable Development of the Ecosystem in the Linze Oasis, Gansu--A Case Study in the Pingchuan Irrigation District in Linze County at the middle reaches of the Heihe River

Water allocation of the Heihe River and commercial utilization of water will exert a profound influence on adjustment of plant structure, water save and conceding the land in the Linze oasis. However, there are some problems that cannot be neglected, such as electing the course and time of water adjustment, effectively handling the contradiction between water supply and water demand, utilizing the water resource rationally and high-efficiently and so on. Especially, excessively exploiting groundwater and chasing short-term interests are aggravating to some extent owing to water resource shortage and the function of market economy. As a result, the range of water table fluctuation expands and the public welfare ecological construction and development are greatly restricted. In the interleaved zones of desert and oasis, there are many unsuitable or degradation phenomena after water allocation, with a deterioration trend in eco-environment and agricultural yielding condition.