European Phanerozoic metallogenesis |
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Authors: | D Rickard |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF1 3YE Wales, UK, GB |
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Abstract: | Phanerozoic metallogenesis in Europe displays divergent characteristics which may be related to the variable nature of the
three great European Phanerozoic orogens: Caledonian, Variscan and Alpine. These reflect different geodynamic processes. The
Caledonian orogen resulted from the interaction of essentially oceanic with continental lithosphere, whilst the Variscan and
Alpine orogens evolved mainly from continent-continent collisions with the involvement of a series of smaller oceanic basins.
Each major stage of the orogenic processes is characterised by a typical metallogeny. The occurrence of subduction-related
processes in the Caledonian orogeny gave rise to extensive VHMS deposition with characteristic Zn:Cu ratio signatures. The
relative lack of abundance of metal-rich, Andean-type porphyry-type mineralisation remains unexplained, unless present erosional
levels have prevented the preservation of such deposits. Continent-continent collisions do not appear to result in extensive
mineralisation unless elevated heat flows result, possibly as a result of lithospheric delamination at the peak collisional
stage. The development of late stage and peri-orogenic sedimentary basins are characterised by extensive Pb-Zn-Ba-F mineralisation
as expressions of basinal fluid flow of regional dimensions. |
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