Implications of climatic variability and climate change for water resources availability and management in West Africa |
| |
Authors: | O Ojo S O Gbuyiro C U Okoloye |
| |
Institution: | (1) Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria ( |
| |
Abstract: | The paper examines: (a) trends in climatic variations and variability with particular emphasis on rainfall (b) the characteristics
of climatic events, including floods and droughts, (c) seasonal variations in river flows, (d) mean annual trends in river
flows and discharges, (e) local variations of extremes of rainfall and river discharges, (f) the effects of climatic variability
and climate change on ground water variations, (g) the problems of acute shortage of freshwater, and (h) the prevalence of
water stress whose characteristics would be worsened with the projected impacts of climate change. The results show that:
(i) there are a lot of spatial and temporal variations in the characteristics of rainfall and the hydrological systems locally
and regionally, although in general, there have been downward trends in rainfall and increases in water deficits and drought
events, (ii) that flood events, which also have impacted adversely in many parts of the region, have also been witnessed.
The paper then produces projections for future urban and rural water supplies in Nigeria, which is an epitome of West Africa
and examines the two main categories of adaptation measures needed to improve water management, namely, those involving the
water supply and water demand systems in the study region. Finally, the paper discusses the need to address a number of mechanisms
for implementation of the various adaptation measures including: (a) building capacity and manpower, (b) promoting education
and public awareness, (c) public participation and the involvement of stakeholders, (d) the establishment of both national
and regional co-operation, and (e) the need for climatic and other environmental data collection and monitoring.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
| |
Keywords: | climate change climatic variability rainfall river regimes water resources |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|