单中心扩展型城市的交叉口交通量时空演变——以长春市为例

以长春市这一典型单中心扩展型城市为例,通过对1980年、1985年、2000年和2007年4个时间断面60个道路交叉口交通量的数据分析,研究典型单中心扩展型城市的主要道路交叉口交通量时空演变特征和规律,得出的主要结论为:(1)主要道路交叉口人流量与车流量的空间分布及演变特征带有典型的单中心圈层式扩展和轴向集聚特点,即圈层式中心放射状特征。具体表现为城市中心区交通量和道路利用率较高,边缘区交通量和道路利用率偏低;(2)主要道路交叉口人流量与车流量时空演变特征存在差异,人流量增幅较小、增速较慢,历年间变异系数均维持较高水平且变化不大,中心集聚特征明显。车流量增幅较大、增速较快,历年间变异系数均较人流量小且变化较大,在中心集聚的基础上,沿主要交通干道呈现明显的点轴式集中特征;(3)虽然1980~2007年主要道路交叉口人流量与车流量发生较大变化,但交通量时空分布格局并没有根本改变,反映出单中心扩展型城市空间结构对交通量空间分布的强大制约性。

Spatio-temporal evolvement of intersection traffic volume of mono-centric expanding city: A case study of Changchun

The paper studies the characteristics and regularity in spatio-temporal evolvement of intersection traffic volume of a typical mono-centric expanding city, based on the analysis of the data of 60 intersections in the years of 1980, 1985, 2000 and 2007 of Changchun city. The main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the spatial distribution and evolution of population flow and vehicle flow in the main intersections show a typical mono-centric circular expansion and axial agglomeration, namely center radial of circle-type characteristics, indicating that the traffic volume and road utilization rate of the central city are higher, while those of edge area is relatively low; (2) there are differences between the spatio-temporal evolvement of population flow and vehicle flow in the main intersections. Population flow shows a smaller and slower growth rate, with great and little change of variation coefficients in the past years, which is characterized by central agglomeration. To the contrary, the vehicle flow exhibits a larger and faster growth rate, and the coefficient of variation is smaller than that of population flow and has great changes. The traffic pattern shows the obvious point-axis centralized characteristics along the main roads based on central agglomeration; (3) Although population flow and vehicle flow in the main road intersections had great changes from 1980 to 2007, the spatio-temporal pattern of the traffic volume did not witness a fundamental change, which indicates that the spatial structure of mono-centric expanding city exerted a great influence on the spatial distribution of traffic volume.