基于职业特性驱动的旅游劳工转移比较研究

以九华山旅游劳工为实证研究对象,通过与西方学者在匈牙利和英国Somerset和Cov-entry的比较研究探讨了职业特性驱动的旅游劳工转移模式和转移动机。研究发现旅游劳工转移产业分布十分均衡宽广,产业转移模式与区域经济背景、劳工市场结构、职业地位及收益的差异密切相关。他们对从业感知评价都十分积极,三十种动机变量排序和因子分析表明,旅游劳工转移存在5种动机方向,增收机会和旅游职业积极特性是主要动力因子。九华山与匈牙利、英国Somerset和Coventry虽然经济社会背景相差较大,但旅游劳工在转移模式、感知评价、转移动机上表现出来许多共性特征,揭示了旅游职业的诸多特性。

A comparative study on tourism labor mobility driven by employment characteristics

Domestic scholars pay little attention to tourism labor's inter-industry mobility all the time.Tourism employment has so many positive characteristics such as low threshold,variety,more self-control and easily forming small business that attracts a large number of local and nonlocal labors into tourism industry along with rapid growth of tourism destination economies,and consequently induces human capital mobility in sectors and regions.This article takes Jiuhua mountain as a case study and uses partial contexts as reference from the questionnaires applied to the studies of Hungary and Somerset and Coventry in the United Kingdom.Through comparative study,it analyzes tourism labor's mobility pattern,self-evaluation of mobility impacts,and mobility motivations driven by employment characteristics.The study finds that labor comes from an unusually wide range of industries,and mobility pattern has close relations with regional economic surroundings,labor market's structure,job status and income.The most positive impact of mobility was reported on the job satisfaction variables,and labor preferred to surrender long Working Hours and surplus-education in return for an improved standard of living,a better Physical Environment,and a favorable job.The rankings and subsequent factor analysis of thirty motivation variables confirms the existence of five hypothesized orientations,and "Instrumental utility" and "Positive" appears to be the main motivational orientation of tourism labors.Although social and economic surroundings are very different among Jiuhua mountain,Hungary and Somerset and Coventry in the United Kingdom,the comparison of the findings in the three regions reveals so many common features that it proves some general characteristics of tourism employment and is worthy of further research.