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蒙古人民共和国主要生态系统类型及动态
引用本文:张立运.蒙古人民共和国主要生态系统类型及动态[J].干旱区地理,1999,22(4):90-96.
作者姓名:张立运
作者单位:中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011
基金项目:国家自然科学基金!49771009
摘    要:对蒙古国自然条件的特点、生态系统的主要类型的现状及变化趋势进行了阐述,并探讨了这些变化趋势对中国相近地区的借鉴意义。

关 键 词:荒漠生态系统  放牧场生态系统  农业生态系统  森林生态系统  蒙古
修稿时间:1999年1月9日

THE MAIN TYPES AND TRENDS OF THE ECOSYSTEMS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF MONGOLIA
Zhang Liyun.THE MAIN TYPES AND TRENDS OF THE ECOSYSTEMS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF MONGOLIA[J].Arid Land Geography,1999,22(4):90-96.
Authors:Zhang Liyun
Abstract:Influenced by human activities, the order of destroyed degree of the desert ecosystem in Mongolia is steppe desert>typical desert>extremely arid desert. The destroying ways include grazing, firewood gathering, covering of roads, urban and industrial construction, opencast mining, land reclaiming, negative effects of irrigation, etc. The destroyed degree of the pasture ecosystem is closely related to the distance from the centres of economic pursuits. In planting industry, dry farmland can be easily eroded by wind, so the loss of humus is serious; some advantages may be brought about but some negative effects may occur also in irrigated farmland. Forest fires and deforestation are the main causes of the destruction of forest ecosystem, the degree, recovery speed and evolution orientation are different from various regions. Precipitation fluctuation results in an increase or decrease of humidity, a dry or humid period is roughly for 20 years in Mongolia. In this paper, some features of the natural conditions, the main types and trends of the ecosystems in Mongolia are discussed by extracting, translating, stueling and editing the relating literature. Among the many types of Republic of Mongalia, the desert ecosystem, pasture ecosystems in the people's ecosystem and agricultural ecosystem are mainly discussed in the paper.
Keywords:desert ecosystem  pasture ecosystem  agricultural ecosystem  forest  ecosystem  Mongolia  
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