中国沙尘灾害遥感监测研究现状及发展趋势

沙尘灾害及其所引发的次生灾害所造成的生态环境和社会经济问题已越来越引起人类的重视。运用遥感技术进行沙尘灾害监测研究可弥补传统研究手段时空分辨率的不足。本文对遥感在沙尘暴源地、沙尘运移路径变化、下垫面状况、沙尘天气产生的天气背景以及沙尘信息定量提取等几方面的研究进行了简要总结,反映了我国沙尘灾害遥感监测研究的现状,并展望了未来遥感监测沙尘灾害研究的发展趋势。

Research Progress and Future Development of Remote Sensing Monitoring on Sand-dust Disaster in China

Nowadays sand dust disaster and its effects on natural and social economic have attracted more and more attentions than ever before Since 1990s sand dust weather occurs more often in North China and strong sand dust storms bring more damage to the routine life of people in the local areas Meanwhile Asia dust can overpass the Pacific Ocean and transport to North America and pollute the air and environment of these regions Asia dust event becomes a hot spot in academic society of the world For the above reasons researches on sand dust have increased not only in world but also greatly in China Apart from traditional research method new technologies such as remote sensing have been used in the monitoring of sand dust disaster Since remote sensing technology can compensate the shortcomings in spatial and temporal resolution of conventional monitoring method Various satellite data with different spatial resolution, spectral resolution and temporal resolution can be used to monitor the sources of sand dust, the condition of land surface on its moving road and the climate background etcBut each sensor has its advantages and disadvantages so comprehensive research becomes more important and will be a new trend in sand dust research Quantitative information retrieval method of remote sensing will also be used in the research of sand dust disaster such as optical thickness of dust aerosol and characteristics of dust reflective and radiation Two of the most newly launched satellites are Terra and Aqua of NASA’s EOS plan The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board this two satellites have great potential in the study of sand dust disaster.