长江经济带环境地质调查研究进展

中国地质调查局近年组织实施了"长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程",采用环境地质调查、评价、监测以及专题研究和综合研究相结合等方法,取得了一批重要的成果和认识: ① 构建了长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务系统,系统梳理了长江经济带与重点区域的资源环境条件和重大地质问题,提出了相关建议;② 提出长江续接贯通时间是在距今75万年的早、中更新世之交的新认识;③ 探索形成流域5个系列生态修复示范关键技术和方法体系;④ 构建长江流域重大水利工程与地质环境效应研究方法体系,创建一套多模态传感器系统,提出重大水利工程对地质环境影响的新判断;⑤ 探索建立流域尺度地球关键带调查评价监测理论和方法体系;⑥ 创新应用"光纤技术"监测地面沉降和地裂缝、长江崩岸以及城镇地下空间开发利用扰动取得突破,相关技术引领光纤监测技术发展;⑦ 自主研发机载航空高光谱仪,建立航空高光谱遥感综合调查技术方法;⑧ 探索形成流域3种尺度资源环境承载能力和8种国土空间开发利用适宜性评价方法体系;⑨ 调查研究成果在支撑服务长江经济带国土空间规划、流域生态环境保护和修复、支撑服务新型城镇化战略、重大工程规划建设、地质灾害防治、脱贫攻坚和国家地下战略储油储气库基地建设等方面均得到了广泛应用,形成21支稳定的环境地质调查专业团队。

Progress of environmental geological investigation and research in the Yangtze River Economic Zone

In recent years, China Geological Survey organized and implemented the "Comprehensive Geological Environment Survey Project of the Yangtze River Economic Zone", which has obtained a batch of important results and understandings through environmental geological survey, evaluation and monitoring, as well as the combination of thematic research and comprehensive research: ① The project has established a comprehensive information management-service system for geological resources and environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone(YREZ), systematically sort out the resource and environmental conditions and major geological problems in the whole zone and its key regions, and put forward relevant suggestions. ② It is proposed a new understanding that the continuous connecting of the Yangtze River occurred 750 000 years ago, at the turn of the early and middle Pleistocene. ③ It explores and forms five series of key technologies and methods system for ecological restoration demonstration in the Yangtze river basins. ④ It formulates the research method system of major water conservancy projects and geological environment effects in the Yangtze river basin, creates a set of multi-modal sensor system, and rejudges the impact of major water conservancy projects on geological environment. ⑤ It explores and sets up the theory and method system of investigating, evaluating and monitoring earth critical zone at the basin scale. ⑥ With the innovative application of "optical fiber technology" in monitoring ground subsidence and cracks, Yangtze river bank collapse and urban underground space development disturbances, related technologies have made breakthrough and are leading the development of optical fiber monitoring science. ⑦ The comprehensive investigation technology and methods of aviation hyperspectral remote sensing have been set up through independent research and development of airborne aerial hyperspectral spectrometer. ⑧ It explored an evaluation system including three scales of resources-environment carrying capacity in the river basins and eight evaluation methods for the suitability of territorial space development and utilization. ⑨ The research results have been widely used in supporting and serving the territorial planning of the YREZ, the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the river basins, the new urbanization strategy, the planning and construction of major projects, the prevention and control of geological disasters, the poverty alleviation, and the construction of the national underground strategic oil-gas storage base. At the same time, 21 stable professional teams of environmental geological survey have been formed.