基于水环境约束分区的产业优化调整——以江苏省太湖流域为例

基于水环境保护与区域开发的相互关系,考虑水陆空间联系及水环境承载能力对区域产业布局的限制,构建由水环境容量和压力两方面要素为基础的水环境约束分区指标体系。以产业集聚发达、水网密集但水环境敏感性强的江苏省太湖流域为例,探索小流域评价单元划分、约束指标选择与空间叠置分析等技术。对区域水环境容量和压力的进行约束分区,划分为高压低容、低压低容、高压高容和低压高容等4种类型区。研究结果为发挥区域水环境质量和经济可持续发展的协同效应,制定差别化的产业准入政策提供科学依据。

Constraint Regionalization of Water Environment and Optimization of Industrial Distribution: A Case of Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu Province

Based on the interactions between water environment protection and regional development, the connection of water and the restriction of water environmental carrying capacity are comprehensively considered on the regional industrial layout. The constraint regionalization system of water environment is constructed, which is composed of water environment capacity and pressure. Due to industrial cluster and condensed water but strong sensitivity of water environment, Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu Province is taken as an example in order to explore the small watershed evaluation unit division, constraint index selection and spatial overlay analysis. The results show that: regional differences of water environmental carrying capacity in Taihu River Basin are enormous. The indexes decrease gradually from the northeast to the southwest along the Yangtze River. Due to good water accessibility and strong exchange capacity in the plain area, make water environmental carrying capacity higher. In the meantime, the influence of drinking water sources, water channel and important lake wetland protection zone causes water environment sensitivity stronger in Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and southwest hilly region. As the corresponding, it is lower for water environmental carrying capacityin the regions. As to the water environment pressure, region with the higher index is mainly distributed in the central city. The developed economy, dense population and high land development intensity make industrial COD emission intensity higher and water environment pressure stronger. Affected by the designated drinking water source protection areas, Taihu primary protection zone, hilly and mountainous areas of water conservation, regional economic development is limited and the index of water environment pressure is relatively lower. These areas are mainly distributed in the upstream of Changdang Lake, the surrounding of Gehu Lake, Yixing and Wuzhong. Through the comprehensive coordination of regional water environmental capacity and pressure, Taihu Lake Basin is divided into four types, namely, high-pressure and low-capacity area, low-pressure and low-capacity area, high-pressure and high-capacity area, and low-pressure and high-capacity area in the township (street) space scale. And then, the guidance scheme of industrial optimization adjustment is put forward, which can control the output of water pollutants from the source. The findings can provide scientific basis for synergistic effect between water environment quality and regional sustainable development and the policy formulation of differentiated industrial access policy. As a result, it will promote the harmonious development of industry development and water environment quality and realize the maximization of regional social economy and water environment.