全球价值链下区域分工地位与产业升级对策研究——以东北三省为例

利用投入产出分析法,在测算出国家层面的各产业GVC分工地位指数的基础上,引入东北三省内的地区和产业差异因素,估算出东北三省工业产业的全球价值链分工地位。研究发现,整体上东北三省采矿业等基础工业贸易增值量较大,但存在严重的产能过剩和低端锁定威胁;而其制造工业在全球价值链中的分工地位较低,对外贸易中表现出较为明显的比较劣势,并且这一劣势还存在恶化倾向。就各省来看,基础工业方面,辽宁省在采矿业上的比较劣势相对较小,黑龙江省在采矿业上存在更为严重的产能过剩和低端锁定风险,而在制造业上吉林省的比较劣势较大。因此,东北三省要实现全球价值链分工地位提升和产业结构升级,就需要转变传统的产业发展和外贸理念,加强创新能力建设,将高新信息技术与传统工业生产相结合,发展新型工业化模式,在借鉴国外有益经验的基础上,走创新驱动的集约化发展道路。

Global Value Chains Position and Regional Industry Upgrading Policies: Taking Northeast China as an Example

This article applies input-output analysis method to measuring the global value chain position of Northeast China’s industries. We find that in the northeast of China, the mining and other basic industries have a large amount of value-added in trade, but are faced with the threats of excess capacity and low-end locking. While the status of manufacturing industries is relatively low in trade, these industries show an obvious comparative disadvantage that tends to deteriorate. In terms of specific province in Northeast China, the overall level of industrial technology and status in Liaoning Province is higher, whose disadvantage in the mining is relatively small, the disadvantages of Jilin Province in the manufacturing industry is larger, and Heilongjiang Province has an average level of industrial value chain position, but has a more serious excess capacity and low-end locking risk in the mining. Therefore, in order to upgrade the global value chain position of Northeast China, we need to transform the traditional principle of industry development and foreign trade, strengthen the construction of innovation ability and combine information technology with traditional industry to realize a new industrial pattern and innovation-driven intensive development.