长江岸线的空间功能、开发问题及管理对策

基于长江岸线空间功能的理念,从历史演变的角度梳理了长江岸线开发功能分异的过程,总结了岸线开发功能定位的科学依据,并剖析了长江岸线开发的区域功能。归纳了长江岸线开发条件评估的技术体系,并综合分析了长江干流（宜宾以下）岸线的开发条件状况及利用现状,提出了长江岸线资源利用中存在的缺少科学的开发时序安排、资源潜力没有得到充分发挥、功能布局不合理、不当开发易造成生态破坏、缺少有效的管理机制等问题。最后,从推进法制建设,破除行政壁垒,建立有偿使用机制,促进功能协调等方面提出加强岸线资源管理的对策,以期为长江岸线科学有效管理与保护提供借鉴。

Space Functions,Development Problems and Management Countermeasures of Waterfront Resourses Along the Changjiang River

The waterfront resources along the Changjiang River (WRCR) are precious resources of the Changjiang River Economic Belt development. Scientific and orderly development and utilization of waterfront resources play an important roles in regional economic development. Based on the concept of WRCR’s space function, from perspective of historical evolution, this article analyzes function differentiation of WRCR which vary from agriculture, port, city and town life, manufacture functions to comprehensive functions. It summarizes the scientific basis of WRCR development function orientation which mainly includes water depth in front of bank, width of waterway waters in front of bank, stability of river bank and conditions or width in back of river bank. It also analyzes WRCR development’s function and impact for cities and regions. The methods and technology systems of development condition evaluation of waterfront resources along rivers are summarized, and the comprehensively development conditions and utilization status of waterfront resources along the stem stream of Changjiang River are analyzed. The waterfront resources along the stem stream of Changjiang River (downstream Yibin City) is about 4 600 km, the longest watershed (i.e. about 1 660 km) along the Changjiang River is in Hubei Province. In downstream Changjiang River, channel depth and conditions or width in back of river bank are relatively good. In middle reaches of the Changjiang River, development conditions of WRCR are poor relatively on account of channel depth limitation, river bank stability is poor. In the upstream Changjiang River, development conditions of WRCR are also poor because width in back of river bank is limited seriously. Then, major problems facing the WRCR development were analyzed, which include lack of scientific development scheduling (e.g. available waterfront resources decreasing dramatically, lack of excellent waterfront resources reserved in the future), resources potential being not fully play (e.g. deep-water WRCR being used as shallow-water WRCR), functional layout being unreasonable (e.g. dysfunction of port, city and town life, manufacture functions), ecological damage of improper development and lack of effective management mechanisms. Finally, this article puts forward some countermeasures to promote WRCR development and management from aspects of strengthening efficient legal construction and scientific planning making, breaking administrative barriers and integrating WRCR, fostering market of WRCR deal and establishing paid use system of WRCR, facilitating intensive utilization and promoting functions coordination of WRCR.