东北地区工业基地演化路径研究

东北地区的工业基地在中国现代化进程中做出过突出贡献,但由于种种原因其工业明显衰退并逐步成为问题区域,产业转型是破解发展困境的关键。论文构建了工业基地识别指标体系,从全国尺度对1985、2001和2010年东北地区工业基地进行识别和筛选,分析其演化特征,探讨不同类型工业基地的产业演化路径。研究结论：① 整体工业地位显著下降,多数基地产业结构单一,以传统产业为主的产业结构未发生实质性改变,装备制造业发展尤其缓慢;② 资源型工业基地一直维持单一产业主导的发展方式,产业转型应当在资源开发的同时向资源深加工方向转变,从而发展成为新型原材料基地,或延伸产业链,建设能源、基础原材料和装备制造的综合工业体;③ 成熟型工业基地的产业组合方式由多种行业组合向双行业主导的轨迹演变,未来发展应继续依托产业园区,推动先进制造业发展;④ 衰退型工业基地产业组合由多种产业组合发展向单一产业主导的方向演变,未来应依托所在区域的一体化分工,逐步推进自身的工业发展。

The Evolution Path of the Industrial Base in Northeast China

Industrial bases in Northeast China have made outstanding contributions to China’s modernization. However, the industries in this area declined sharply due to variety of reasons, which gradually became a regional problem. Industrial transition must be the key to solve the plight of its economic development. This article constructs an index system of industrial bases identification. From the national scale, it identifies and selects different industrial bases in Northeast China at the year 1985, 2001 and 2010. It then analyses the evolution characteristics of those industrial bases and explores different industrial evolution paths according to their types. Conclusions are as follows: 1) The overall industry status significantly decreased in Northeast China from 1985 to 2010. Most of its industrial bases have single industrial structures, which are dominated by traditional industries. This kind of structure has not undergone substantial changes, especially the equipment manufacturing industry. 2) Industrial bases in Northeast China can be extracted as three types: resource-based, mature and declining. Their industrial structure evolution paths are different, so are the corresponding transition modes. Resource-based industrial bases have maintained a single dominant industry. Their transformation should turn to resources deep processing while exploiting. The main focus of transformation should be on how to strengthen the supporting capability of alternative industries. As a result, this kind of bases would become new raw material bases or extend their industry chains to build comprehensive industrial bodies including energy, basic raw materials and equipment manufacturing. 3) The industry combination of mature industrial bases changed from multi-industry portfolio to double-industry portfolio. Mature industrial bases should continue to rely on industrial parks, developing advanced manufacturing and promoting industrialization by new urbanization. It means to develop modern service industry, improve urban environment and strengthen infrastructure construction. It aims to promote the products-manufacturing industries transforming to service-oriented ones as well as coordinate the development of manufacturing and service industries. 4) The industry combination of declining industrial bases evolved from multi-industry mixed mode to signal industry dominated mode. In the future, the development of declining industrial bases should depend on the division of regional integration, so as to promote their own industry development gradually.