领域化视角下的珠三角乡村城市化再思考——以广州市旧水坑村为例

从领域视角看,改革开放以来出现的自下而上的乡村城市化过程即是乡村地域的重新领域化与再/去领域化过程。以广州市旧水坑村为案例,运用实地调查、访谈的方法,对乡村城市化过程中社会、市场和行政力量等领域化主体的作用机制进行了剖析。研究发现,村民代表的社会力量是乡村领域化的设计者,而行政力量、市场力量试图通过在其中构建独立领域以增强话语权。叠置的领域和差异悬殊的空间资源支配能力致使资源争夺加剧及非均衡的空间-权力结构形成,并导致村庄发展管治的混乱。因此,需要尽快构建多元主体有机组合的领域单元及均衡的领域政治体系,以实现乡村地域的可持续发展。

Rural Urbanization and Territorialization in the Pearl River Delta: A Case Study of Jiu-shui-keng Village in Guangzhou City

From a territorial perspective, since the Chinese reform and opening policy, the process of bottom-up urbanization (which appeared in Chinese rural areas, raising funds through grass-root organizations and individuals, introducing internal and foreign investment actively, in order to promote rural non-agriculturalization and industrialization) is in fact of the re-territorialization in rural areas. Focusing on Guangzhou’s Jiu-shui-keng village as an example, this study investigates the territorial mechanism among government, the capital and social forces in the process of bottom-up urbanization, employing the methods of field investigation and interview. The Jiu-shui-keng village is situated in the middle of Panyu District in Guangzhou with an area of 1.86 km² and 2 630 permanent residents, 93.4% of whom have no household registration. The fieldwork was conducted from the end of 2013 to the middle of 2014. It is found that, villagers, representing the social force, are the designer of territorialization in the rural areas. The administrative forces and market forces try to construct an independent territory to enhance their voice. Super imposed territory and the great disparity in space resources disposal capability result in the intensification of resource competition and unbalanced space-power structure, which cause chaos in the management of the village’s development. Therefore, it is suggested that the territorial unit with multiple actors from different backgrounds and a balanced territorial politics system should be constructed as soon as possible, which means participants would have the opportunity to modify existing structure via (re)territorialization, so as to achieve the sustainable development in rural areas. The administrative power should be planned to permeaterural areas, who will play a key role in the macroeconomic regulation, encouraging the construction of capital territory with the aim of deepening the cooperation and coordination among interests, and limiting the excessive expansion of villagers’ power.