边界效应研究进展及展望

边界作为人为的空间地理要素,像一堵无形的高墙,影响着全球化和区域一体化的进程。根据国内外1995-2014年文献统计分析可知,近10年来边界效应研究快速增加。基于边界效应和市场分割视角探究边界效应的作用机理和影响效果,是经济地理学边界效应研究的主要内容。随着研究范围的拓展,旅游地理学、城市地理学、政治地理学等领域的区域合作与一体化问题也成为研究的热点。根据重力模型、趋同分析和垄断竞争模型构建边界效应模型是研究的主要方法,虽然理论基础不同,但都选取“边界”作为虚拟变量,定量测度边界效应的大小。最后,提出未来开展边界效应研究需要关注的重点：基于行政边界的本质探究边界效应机理、拓展边界效应研究的空间尺度和创新边界效应的研究方法。

Progress and prospects of border effect research

As a man-made spatial or geographic element, administrative boundaries, acting like an invisible barrier, influence the process of globalization and regional integration. According to the statistics of literature associated with border effect since the 1990s, the number of studies in this field has increased greatly. In 1995, the study of international trade between the United States and Canada by McCallum promoted the progress of research in border effect. Most studies in the field of economic geography that followed focus on the mechanism and effect in three categories: the puzzle of border effect, market segmentation, and the progress of integration. When studying the puzzle of border effect, researchers always focused on three questions: "what is the connotation of the border effect?"; "what factors may affect the border effect?"; and "how wide is the border?" With regard to the integration and market segmentation studies of the border effect, transnational trade was always the research hotspot. With the gradual deepening of the studies, researchers not only paid attention to border effect in the field of economic geography but also focused on transboundary differentiation in tourism geography, urban geography, and political geography. Gravity model, convergence analysis, and monopolistic competition model were chosen to construct the border effect model. Although based on different theories, the virtual variable "border" was added to the models in the same way. Social network and the principle of "homogeneous repel, heterogeneous attraction" also were applied to the study of border effect. Further research can be carried out in the following three areas: studying the puzzle of border effect in view of the nature of administrative boundary, developing the research field of border effect, and the optimization and innovation of research methods.