明后期延绥镇长城沿线屯垦的时空分布特征

毛乌素沙地及周边地区的环境问题,一直受到学术界的关注。明代延绥镇土地利用方式及规模对毛乌素沙地南缘的影响及其程度,也成为重要研究内容。从军地类型、分布及数量,可以看出万历时期延绥镇屯垦有巨大发展。运用历史地理学的历史文献研究等方法,揭示了延绥镇近边垦地的利用格局,探明了明万历末年延绥镇36城堡草场地与军垦地分布及数量。万历年间延绥镇近边地区景观的时空特征主要是军事和地理环境共同决定的。万历末至崇祯年间,由于连年战乱及自然灾害,延绥近边垦地的农业生产遭受了毁灭性的破坏,抛荒率基本在90%以上。明军垦的发展对此阶段毛乌素沙地南移的影响不大,自然原因可能是毛乌素沙漠变迁的根本原因。

The temporal and spatial distribution of settlements in the area along the Great Wall in Yansui Town during the late Ming Dynasty

Environmental issues in the Mu Us Sandy Land and the surrounding area have been arouse academic attention. Effects of land use and scale on the southern edge of the Mu Us Sandy Land, have become an important research content. In terms of army land type, distribution and quantity, the settlements expanded greatly in Yansui Town during Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty. The article examines the pattern of the cultivated land use in the area near the town, as well as the distribution and quantity of 36 castle pastures and army land in late Wanli Period. Result show that during the Ming Dynasty, the spatial distribution of army reclamation experienced a process of moving northward, from those counties in Fuli Region-Boundary Stone-"Erbian"-"Dabian". More specifically, the reclamation took place in the counties in Fuli Region before Zhengtong Period and was restricted to the south of boundary stone during the ten-year Chenghua Period. Before the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was mainly found to the north of "Erbian". During the late Ming Dynasty, the army reclamation in Yansui Town developed significantly in Wanli Period, but declined from the end of Wanli Period to Chongzhen Period. During Wanli Period, spatial and temporal characteristics of landscape in the area near the edge of Yansui Town, are primarily military and geographical co-decision. Spatial characteristics show that cultivation, especially Xilu Yulin Wei cultivation, was the main part of army reclamation that is close to the boundary. Jiadao (the area between 'Erbian" and "Dabian") Migu Field and Xilu Castle Migu Field were the main part of inner Jiadao Migu Field and Pastures, especially Xilu Pasture was the major landscape around the boundary region. Quicksand was mainly located to the north of "Dabian" and also in the part of Jiadao. During the Wanli Period, the pattern of the land use, which was close to boundary, of Yansui Town can be seen like this: farmland was in the south of Pillar; To the north of the Donglu Boundary Stone was Castle Migu Field and to the north of Xilu Boundary Stone, there was cultivation. The Castle Migu Field was located further north. In the area between the Boundary Stone and Two Slides, there was new added grain field in the north of the Boundary Stone while out of the Migu Fileds of castles, pastures occupied that area. From late Wanli Period to Chongzhen Period, due to years of war and natural disasters, the agricultural production suffered a devastating damage, and the abandoned rate of the land was above 90%. During the Ming Dynasty, the development of army reclamation had little effect on the southward movement of Mu Us Sandy Land, but the natural conditions may be the root cause for the movement of the Mu Us Sandy Land.