国家节点战略的实施路径及其经济效应评价

以试点改革为特色、依托关键节点逐步推进是改革开放以来中国区域开发的重要经验。在对改革开放以来中国区域政策演进的过程与特征梳理的基础上,本文将围绕重要节点的区域开发战略界定为国家节点战略,系统阐述了其理论基础与基本内涵,并以改革开放不同时期的深圳特区、上海浦东新区和天津滨海新区为例,定量考察了国家节点战略对中国区域经济格局演变的影响。研究发现,中国区域政策大体上经历了以经济特区为龙头的探索阶段、以开发区为主导的推广阶段和以国家级新区与国家综合配套改革试验区为载体的优化阶段等三个阶段,其中国家节点战略发挥了重要的示范与引领作用,推动了中国区域政策由点及面的螺旋式演进,在此过程中政府的角色也发生了相应的转变。作为增长极理论在中国转型时期的创新性应用与发展,国家节点战略不仅是区域发展“引擎”和重要增长极,也是转型期中国制度创新的重要载体;国家节点战略地区与区域发展实现了良性耦合,形成了梯次区域开发模式。实证研究表明,国家节点战略是政府引导与调控区域发展的重要手段,其经济效应呈明显的复杂多元特征及阶段性和尺度差异特征。

Implementation methods and economic impacts ofnational node strategies

Pilot reforms gradually implemented through key nodes have become an important pattern of regional development in China since the introduction of its reform and opening up policy in 1978. On the basis of an analysis of the evolution processes and characteristics of regional development policies in China since the launch of the reform and opening up policy, this paper develops the concept and analytical framework of national node strategies (NNS), defined as regional development strategies centered on important nodes, by addressing their theoretical basis and research scope, before exploring quantitatively their regional economic impacts through the examples of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Pudong New Area, and Binhai New Area from different stages of the reform and opening up drive. The results indicate that the evolution of China's regional development policies can be divided into three stages, namely the exploration stage led by Special Economic Zones, the expansion stage dominated by Economic Development Zones, and the optimization stage featuring New State-level New Areas and National Comprehensive Reform Pilot Areas. During all the three stages, NNS have played an important demonstrative and leading role and promoted the rapid evolution of China's regional development policies from localized trails to widespread implementation, and the role of the government has also changed accordingly. As an innovative application and development of growth pole theory for a transitional period in China, NNS have become "engines" of regional development as well as important conduits of institutional innovations. NNS and regional development have achieved a benign coupling and formed a gradated regional development model. Empirical research indicates that NNS are an important method of the government for guiding and regulating regional economic development, with complex and diverse economic effects that differ depending on their stage and scale.