东北地区城镇化与生态环境的脱钩分析

以2003~2012年东北地区34个地级市数据为基础^①(① 本文提及的地级市包括哈尔滨、长春、沈阳和大连4个副省级城市。),通过构建城镇化指数、生态环境压力指数,分析东北地区的城镇化发展及生态环境压力发展的时空演变特征,测度东北地区城镇化与生态环境的脱钩指数,判断其城镇化与生态环境的脱钩关系并探讨其发生变化的影响因素。结果表明：① 生态环境压力是城镇化累积作用的结果,呈现出一定的时空滞后效应;② 近10 a来,东北地区的城市发展经历了城镇化与生态环境由脱钩状态为主体向脱钩状态与负脱钩状态并举的演变过程,城市个体城镇化对生态环境效应的稳定性差;③ 投资驱动、资源型经济、生态环境倒逼和创新转型驱动等是东北地区城镇化对生态环境产生脱钩差异的根本原因。资源型经济和投资驱动是城镇化对生态环境产生压力的主要动因;生态环境倒逼和创新转型发展是摆脱城镇化对生态环境压力的关键动力。

Urbanization and Ecological Environment Effect in Northeast China Based on Decoupling Analysis

Based on data from 34 prefecture-level cities in the Northeastern China from 2003 to 2012, this article analyzes the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the urbanization and eco-environmental pressure development in the Northeastern China by building Urbanization Index and Eco-environmental Pressure Index. It also measures urbanization and environmental decoupling indicators, and judges the decoupling state of the urbanization and eco-environmental, then discusses influence factors which lead the state changed. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1) The ecological stress is the consequence of urbanization accumulation effect, it presents somewhat spatiotemporal hysteresis role. 2) For nearly 10 years, the cities in the northeastern China experienced the evolution of urbanization and eco-environment from dominated decoupling state to both decoupling state and re-coupling state, the stability of the effect of individual urbanization on eco-environment is bad. 3) The reasons for the different effects of urbanization in the Northeastern China on eco-environmental are the diversified driving factors, such as investment-driven approach, resource-based economy, forced eco-environment as well as connotative and innovative development. Resource-based economy and investment-driven approach are main causes of pressure of urbanization on eco-environment. Moreover, there are two reasons influencing the coordinated development of the urbanization and eco-environment, the one is the forced eco-environment, and the other is connotative development.