基于SoftGIS的土地利用地域性认同测度研究——以荷兰为例

在剖析地域性认同双重内涵及其与土地利用关系的基础上,结合SoftGIS技术,研究构建土地利用地域性认同测度方法,并以荷兰为例进行实证分析。数据分析显示,传统GIS数据可与土地利用认知数据相融合,基于核密度修正法构建的土地利用地域性认同指数可测度地域性认同的空间差异,应用于土地利用评价或规划决策。结论表明,测度平台在问卷设计和调查空间尺度上具有灵活性,数据收集快捷,通过平台的高清卫星地图定位,调查对象可反馈空间准确、情景真实的土地利用地域性认同信息。

A SoftGIS Method to Measure Place Identity in Land Use: A Case in the Netherlands

Place cognition developed in the human and environment interactions during land use change processes is increasingly valued by land use studies. Traditional place identity researches focus on qualitative methodology, results of which are seldom applied in land use management practices. This study is to build a framework to measure place identity in land use based on real land use environment background, in order to provide reference for land use social impact evaluation. Methods used include SoftGIS and case study. The dual meaning of place identity and its connection with land use are argued. Through integrating place identity theory with SoftGIS technique which is used to obtain the information of land users’ experience, knowledge, perception and valuation about environment, a framework for the platform to measure place identity in land use is designed. With confining the evaluation object as non-construction land, the platform is established by focusing on the core issue ‘which places are you most concerned about or are most attractive to you, and why?’ The platform includes four parts, namely user participation, project introduction, place marking and place evaluation. Online investigation is carried out through the Netherlands with the proposed SoftGIS platform. Data of 3 637 participants from six regions are obtained within two weeks. Participants are shown various maps on which they can mark their selected place with a pin. They are asked what makes that place special afterwards. With the online satellite map, regions of three different scales are shown. One is participant’s neighborhood, with a 2 kilometer radius centered on his or her home. Another indicates participant’s work activity region, with a 20 kilometer circle drawn around home. The third shows the Netherlands. 12 204 places are marked in the end. Based on the survey data, the study analyzes land use place identity difference among various social groups and explores the spatial difference with metrics. By modifying the Kernel Density Estimation method, a so-called Land Use Identity Index (LUI) is built to measure the intensity of land use place identity at a specific destination. With LUI, it is able to compare place identity between different land uses. An example of applying LUI in a land use planning project in Almere in the Netherlands is provided. Conclusions show that, compared with traditional methods, questionnaire design and investigation spatial scale with the platform are flexible. A fast data collection process can be witnessed. The platform encodes maps of high resolution satellite images, so that the field survey can make participants effectively recognize and locate the real land-use environment, and feedback real and accurate place identity information on land use. Case study indicates that it is feasible to integrate traditional quantitative GIS data and qualitative land use cognition data. The designed LUI can quantify spatial variance of place identity in land use. The result shows meaningful implication and may be applied to land use assessment or to decision-making in land-use planning projects.