中国区域创新绩效时空演变特征及其影响因素研究

通过构建创新投入、产出指标体系,运用创新产出和创新效率两个因素表征区域创新绩效,并对区域创新绩效的时空演变特征进行分析,结果显示：创新绩效高值区域分布在东部沿海和长江沿岸地区,这种分布格局和T字形国土开发结构存在着高度的吻合,区域创新绩效的极化现象越来越明显;创新产出的区域差异最大,创新效率的区域差异最小;创新投入和创新产出的区域差异呈增大趋势,创新绩效和创新效率的区域差异呈现出先减小后缓慢增大的趋势。通过回归建模分析,探讨了区域创新基础、产业集群环境、产学研联系质量、政府支持、技术溢出效应等因子对于区域创新绩效的影响,发现区域创新绩效受创新基础和政府支撑的影响最大,受产学研联系质量的影响次之,而产业集群环境和技术溢出效应对区域创新绩效的影响较小。

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Regional Innovation Performance and Its Influencing Factors in China

In the background of the globalization and information economy era, a region’s innovation capacity is increasingly becoming the determinant of competitive advantage. Regional innovation performance is an important aspect of regional innovation capacity. Measuring its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and finding influencing factors have important theoretical and practical significance to develop innovation strategies, improve innovation efficiency and optimize innovation environment. Building innovation input and output evaluation index systems, the article selects innovation output quantity and innovation efficiency to present regional innovation performance. Then the article analyzes the spatial distribution and regional differences of innovation performance since 2004. There are four main findings. First, the high value areas of innovation performance are eastern coastal zone and the region along the Changjiang River, which coincides with T-shaped structure of land development. Second, polarization of regional innovation performance has increased obviously since 2004, and the gap of innovation capability between western region and the eastern region grows. Third, the regional difference of innovation output is the largest, and the innovation efficiency is the smallest. Third, regional differences of innovation input and innovation output tend to increase, and innovation performance and innovation efficiency’s regional differences show a decreasing trend at first and then increase slowly. Furthermore, we investigate the factors including regional innovation basis, the industrial cluster environment, the quality of research linkages, government supporting and technology spillover that affect the regional innovation performance. Then we conduct regression analysis to examine the relationships between regional innovation performance and nine influencing factors. The result reveals that regional innovation basis and government supporting influence regional innovation performance most, and then the quality of research linkages follows. The industry cluster environment and technology spillover impact on regional innovation performance less. Finally, some policy recommendations are put forward to raising regional innovation capability. The region should continue to increase the technical innovation input, especially provinces with the better foundation should play a leading role in innovation, and the national policies should be inclined to the western and middle regions. Government should strengthen the role of policy supporting and macro-control, rather than a major investment of innovation, and encouraging enterprises become the innovation subject. Furthermore, we should optimize the industrial cluster environment which can provide a good environment for regional innovation.