浅谈湖泊沉积环境演变中元素地球化学的应用及原理

湖泊沉积物中某些元素的含量、比值及分布特征在区域气候与环境变化方面的应用研究发展迅速.介绍了常量元素的含量及其比值分析，有机质中特征元素含量及比值分析，同位素分布特征，稀土元素模式分析几个方法.利用常量元素和有机质特征元素的含量及比值的升高或降低来指示沉积时期湖泊流域温度、降水量等气候变化并建立湖泊演变的气候干湿波动曲线，也可以获得沉积时期元素迁移变化的过程；利用同位素分布特征和稀土元素模式分析来测定沉积速率和建立演化年序，也可以判断湖泊演化过程和水源补给条件等.

APPLICATION AND PRINCIPLE OF ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY IN THE EVOLUTION OF LAKE SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT

Study on the content, ratio and distribution of certain elements in lake sediments is broadly applied in regional climate and environmental changes. The methods include analysis of content and ratio of major elements in lake sediments, analysis of content and the ratio of characteristic elements in organic matter, analysis of the distribution characteristics of the isotopes, and analysis of rare-earth element models. The variation of the content and ratio of major elements and organic characteristic elements can indicate the temperature of lake, precipitation, climatic fluctuation and the process of element migration in the sedimentary period. The characteristics of isotopic distribution and the analysis of the rare-earth element model can be used to determinate the deposition rate, establish the chronological evolution sequence, and infer the process of lake evolution and water supply conditions.