长江源多年冻土区典型小流域水文过程特征研究

基于长江源风火山多年冻土区典型小流域2004-2007年的观测资料,运用回归和统计分析方法,探讨了气温、地温、降水、土壤水分与径流的响应关系.结果表明:5-9月为研究流域的水文过程活跃期,该时段的径流量占全年总径流量的85%;径流过程中存在春汛和夏汛,夏汛洪峰值明显高于春汛.径流过程中不同时段具有不同的影响主导因子,春汛期主要是65 cm以上的土壤温度和水分起主导作用;夏季枯水期40 cm以上土壤水分与径流是负相关,深层地温和土壤水分起主导作用;夏汛期气温、降水起主导作用;秋季枯水期的影响因子依次为土壤温度、水分及气温.多年冻土区降水大部分冻结在土壤中或者用来补充土壤水分的亏缺,不能直接产流,只有在春汛和夏汛期间与径流保持一定的相关关系.

Hydrological Process in a Typical Small Permafrost Watershed at the Headwaters of Yangtze River

The influence of temperature,ground temperature,precipitation,soil moisture to runoff is studied with the observation data from 2004 to 2007 in Fenghuoshan watershed by regression techniques and statistical methods.The time from May to September is an active time of hydrological process,when 85% of annual runoff forms,with spring flood and summer flood,and the peak of summer flood larger than spring flood.Furthermore,analyzing the factors that control the runoff shows that in different stage the impact fact...