我国风暴潮灾害及防灾减灾战略

本文在分析了1949-1997的风暴潮及其重大灾害事件后指出，从上世纪九十年代以来，我国风暴潮灾害的经济损失已呈显著上升的趋势，减轻重大台风风暴潮灾害所造成的经济损失，已成为我国风暴潮减灾工作的当务之急。为此提出了减轻重大风暴潮灾害的战略要点：（1）充分利用一切媒体使人民具有预防重大风暴潮灾害的意识；（2）加强对重大风暴潮及其灾害的科研工作；（3）修订全国沿海岸段的防潮工程规划；（4）制订海洋减灾法规和有关规范；（5）建立风暴减灾保险的机制。

SEVERE STORM SURGE DISASTERS AND STRATEGIC MEASURES AGAINST THEM IN CHINA

Statistics show that in the 42 years from 1949 to 1990, there have been 259 events of the typhoon-generated storm surge in China, which caused 12 times for extraordinarily serious storm surge event, 27 for serious one. 17 for heavier one and 36 for lighter one. However, in the 8 years since 1990, not only the surge disaster event happens every year, but the extraordinarily serious disaster event caused by typhoon has occurred 7 times. In order to reduce the heavy losses caused by the severe storm surge disaster, it is necessary to study the strategic measures against the disaster. On the basis of the properties and features of storm surge disaster occurred in China in recent years this paper suggests some strategic measures mainly including (1) bring mass media into full play and add the contents of disaster reduction to the text book of primary and high schools to raise the awareness of natural disaster reduction; (2) conduct a research into the predictive method for severe storm surge; (3) make better design of engineering project against storm surge in the vulnerable areas affected by storm surge and sea wave, especially try hard to apply high technology into the design; (4) work out laws and regulations on marine disaster reduction and a norm on storm surge disaster assessment; (5) establish insurance mechanism against storm surge disaster.