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High-resolution optical dating of Late Holocene storm surge deposits – a showcase from Schokland (Noordoostpolder,the Netherlands)
Authors:DFAM van den Biggelaar  J Wallinga  RT van Balen  C Kasse  S Troelstra  SJ Kluiving
Institution:1. Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Institute for Geo- and Bioarchaeology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands;2. Soil Geography and Landscape group & Netherlands Centre for Luminescence dating, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands;3. Earth and Climate Cluster, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

TNO - Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands;4. Earth and Climate Cluster, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands;5. Faculty of Arts, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research institute for the heritage and history of the Cultural Landscape and Urban Environment (CLUE), De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Department of Archaeology, Ancient History of Mediterranean Studies and Near Eastern Studies, Faculty of Arts, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Faculty of Natural Sciences, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, United Kingdom

Abstract:Storm surges have a major impact on land use and human habitation in coastal regions. Our knowledge of this impact can be improved by correlating long-term historical storm records with sedimentary evidence of storm surges, but so far few studies have applied such an approach. Here we apply, for the first time, state-of-the-art optically stimulating luminescence (OSL) methods to obtain high-resolution age information on a sequence of Late Holocene storm surge deposits. By combining this chronological framework of storm surges with other reconstruction methods, we investigate the storm surge impact on the former island Schokland, located in a former inlet of the North Sea (central Netherlands).During the Late Holocene, Schokland transformed from a peat area that gradually inundated (~800 CE) via an island in a marginal marine environment (~1600 CE) to a land-locked island in the reclaimed Province of Flevoland (1942 CE). These transitions are recorded in the sediment archive of the island, consisting of silty clay with sandy intervals deposited during storm surges. A series of ten quartz OSL ages, obtained using best-practice methods to deal with incomplete resetting of the OSL signal and dose rate heterogeneity, reveal two periods of storm surge deposition, around 1600 CE and between 1742 and 1822 CE. Historical sources indicate that major storm surges hit Schokland during these periods. Laboratory analyses (thermogravimetry, grain-size, foraminifera, bivalves and ostracods) corroborates the existence of the two sets of storm surge deposits within the clay sequence. Our study sets a benchmark for obtaining robust depositional age constraints from storm surge sediments, and demonstrates the great potential of modern OSL methods to contribute to improved assessment of storm surge risk. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords:coastal flooding  OSL dating  poor bleaching  sediment analysis  Medieval and Modern period
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