上海古北地区日本人聚居区族裔经济的形成特征

随着中国国际化程度的提高,在华外国人数量日益增长并呈现在特定大城市集聚的倾向。上海作为在华外国人集聚规模最大的城市,古北地区的日本人聚居区及其族裔经济引起了广泛的社会关注。主要通过实地调查及深度访谈,探讨古北地区日本人聚居区族裔经济的形成特征。研究发现：古北地区日本人族裔经济形成了以日本人聚居区为依托、以日本人为主要服务对象、中国人和日本人共同经营的特色,该地区的出现既与中国的移民、经济政策相关,也与日本人的族裔特性如旅居属性、较高的社会经济地位、民族内向性等因素相关联。作为高端移民族裔经济的代表,日本人聚居区族裔经济的形成给上海的城市规划建设及移民管理带来了新的课题。

Characteristics of the Japanese ethnic economy in the Gubei Japanese enclave of Shanghai city,China

With the development of globalization and the internationalization of the economy in China, the foreign population, particularly in major metropolises such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, has increased rapidly. This phenomenon has attracted attention both in China and abroad because China has not typically been a country with many immigrants. Shanghai, which has the largest foreign population of Chinese cities, now has 76 established foreign enclaves. One such enclave—the Japanese enclave in the Gubei area—has become well established over the past 20 years and is now famous. Along with the development of the enclave, the Japanese ethnic economy, which serves for the daily needs of Japanese people, has developed gradually in the Gubei area and is deeply rooted in local society. This study was carried out in the context of the Gubei area to examine the development process and characteristics of the Japanese ethnic economy for the following: the factors of formation, changes in the spatial scale and number of Japanese facilities, and the management of Japanese facilities. Firsthand data was gathered from fieldwork and interviews. This study found that the Japanese ethnic economy in the Gubei area has developed into a special ethnic enclave economy due to three characteristics: (1) Its formation depended greatly on the presence and operation of the Japanese enclave; (2) The Japanese facilities in the area mainly serve Japanese people and very few Chinese; (3) The Japanese facilities are owned and managed by both self-employed Japanese and Chinese people. The formation of this unique ethnic enclave economy pattern is strongly related to the immigration and economic policies of the Chinese government and the ethnic characteristics of the Japanese expatriates, who have sojourner attributes, high social-economic status and national introversion. As an example of an ethnic economy of high-skilled expatriates, the Japanese ethnic enclave economy provides a hallmark of diversity development and has resulted in the development of special ethnic landscapes in Chinese cities. It has also introduced ideas for urban planning and immigration management to Shanghai.