暖湿气候对赛里木湖的影响

赛里木湖集水面积1408km²,湖面面积457km²,最大水深86m,总蓄水量210×10⁸m³,是新疆最大的高山湖泊,湖面海拔2073m,四周高山环绕.20世纪80年代以后,赛里木湖及邻近地区,气温逐渐升高,降水增多,气候趋向暖湿.20世纪80年代气温比前20a平均升高0.4～0.6℃,90年代气温比80年代升高0.3～0.4℃,比前20a平均升高0.7～1.0℃,比前30a平均升高0.6～0.8℃.20世纪90年代,切德克水文站降水量比多年平均多5.4%;匹里青水文站降水量比多年平均多7.0%;温泉气象站增加最多,比多年平均增加20.3%.赛里木湖相邻地区降水径流增多,赛里木湖区的降水径流增大,导致湖水位上升.

Influence of the Warm-wet Climate on Sailimu Lake

Located at the west of the Tianshan Mountains, the southwest of the Junger Basin, Sailimu Lake is the largest alpine lake in Xinjiang with a catchment area of 1 408 km², lake area of 457 km². Its maximum depth reaches to 86 meters, and total water capacity is 210×10⁸m³. The altitude of the lake is 2 073 m. Surrounded by high mountains, it is an occluded lake. Since 1980s, there is a warm-wet trend of the climate in Sailimu Lake and its neighboring areas, indicated by increasing of the precipitation and rising of the air temperature. According to the meteorological records, the mean decadal temperature in 1980s is 0.4～0.6 ℃ higher than the mean temperature in former 20 years.The mean decadal temperature in 1990s is 0.3～0.4 ℃ higher than that in 1980s, 0.7～1.0 ℃higher than the mean temperature in former 20 years, and 0.6～0.8 ℃ higher than he mean temperature in former 30 years. In 1990, the precipitation amounts at Qiedeke station and Piliqing station are 5.4% and 7.0% more than the multi-year mean values respectively. At Wenquan station, precipitation in 1990s increases about 20.3% compared with the annual mean value. The correlation coefficient for the precipitation between the Sailimu Lake Meteorological station and the Wenquan Station is 0.948, which means that increasing of the precipitation and runoff in neighboring area will be a indication of increasing of those inSalimu lake. Therefore, the water level of Sailimu Lake will certainly rise because of the influence of the warm-wet climate.